Cited in sermons
Francis Turretin
171 sermons · All people cited
2LCF Chapter 19 - Of the Law of God
The law of God — its origin, divisions, and enduring obligations — is examined through 2LCF Chapter 19, tracing the moral law from its inscription on Adam's heart in the garden through its codification at Sinai and into the life of the justified believer. The confession distinguishes three categories of Mosaic law: the perpetually binding moral law, the abrogated ceremonial law, and the expired judicial law whose general equity retains moral usefulness. A sustained argument from Galatians demonstrates that the law's demand is personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience — a standard no sinner meets — establishing the absolute necessity of justification by faith alone in Christ alone. The session closes with Machen's warning that a low view of the law produces legalism rather than grace, pressing the congregation to preach the Decalogue faithfully so that sinners see their need for the Savior.
The Law Concerning Servants
Exodus 21:1–11 opens what is commonly called the Book of the Covenant, the concrete judicial application of the Ten Commandments to Israel's civil life. The sermon situates this passage within the threefold division of the law — moral, ceremonial, and judicial — explaining why the judicial law expired with the Israelite commonwealth while its general equity retains moral use, and why the theonomic demand that modern civil magistrates enforce the Mosaic penal code lacks New Testament warrant. Working through three features of the law concerning servants — the limitation on service, the acquisition of a family during service, and the protection of female servants — the sermon argues that far from being barbaric, these laws reveal God's wisdom and kindness in restraining exploitation and protecting the vulnerable in a post-fall world.
The Apostle's Prayer for the Ephesians, Part 2
Ephesians 1:19–23 presents the climax of Paul's apostolic prayer: that believers would know the exceeding greatness of God's power. This sermon expounds three demonstrations of that power in Christ — his resurrection from the dead, his current session at the right hand of the Father, and his dominion over all things for the sake of the church. The doctrines of inseparable operations and appropriations ground the Trinitarian account of these events, while the universal and eternal sovereignty of the enthroned Christ is set forth as the foundation for perseverance, praise, and fearlessness in the face of hostile spiritual and civil powers.
The 9th Commandment, Part 1
The ninth commandment, 'You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor' (Exodus 20:16), extends far beyond the courtroom to govern all speech — forbidding perjury, lying, slander, gossip, and talebearing. Drawing on the Mosaic law, the Wisdom literature, the Gospels, and the Epistles, this study traces how Scripture consistently condemns every form of false speech as an assault on the image of God, the stability of society, and the character of God himself, who is truth and cannot lie. The passive reception of gossip is indicted alongside its active propagation, and hearers are called to close their ears to talebearers as firmly as they close their mouths to speaking falsehood.
The Prophecy Concerning the Resurrection
Peter's Pentecost sermon in Acts 2:24–32 anchors the resurrection of Jesus Christ not in apostolic invention but in the prophetic word of Psalm 16, written by David nearly a millennium before the event. Working through Peter's appeal to and interpretation of that psalm, this exposition traces four aspects of the Messiah's disposition before His death — His focus, joy, confidence, and dependence upon the Father — and demonstrates that David, writing as a prophet under the Davidic covenant of 2 Samuel 7, could not have been describing his own resurrection since his tomb remained occupied. The resurrection is therefore the Father's public vindication that divine justice has been fully satisfied by Christ, the ground of the believer's justification, and the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise that one from David's line would build an eternal house for God. The sermon closes by calling sinners — however guilty — to call upon the risen Lord Jesus, the one on the middle cross who alone can grant everlasting life.
The Great Commission
The Great Commission in Matthew 28:16–20 is grounded in the absolute authority of the risen Christ, who possesses all power in heaven and on earth and commissions His church to make disciples of all nations. The passage contains four grammatically imperatival commands — going, making disciples, baptizing, and teaching — each examined for its precise theological and ecclesiological force. Believers' baptism by immersion follows upon credible profession of faith, not the reverse, and the Trinitarian formula of baptism grounds the church's confession of one divine essence in three persons. The sermon closes by situating the Great Commission within the full passion narrative: the life, death, and resurrection of Christ are themselves the content the church is sent to proclaim, and Christ's omnipotence and omnipresence are the twin assurances that the commission will not fail.
The 6th Commandment
Exodus 20:13 — 'You shall not murder' — is one of the briefest commands in the Decalogue, yet it carries profound theological and legal weight. This expository Bible study examines the precise Hebrew terminology that distinguishes murder from other forms of killing, establishes the internal disposition (hatred, unrighteous anger, character assassination) as equally condemned by the sixth commandment alongside the external act, and then surveys three exceptions to the prohibition: capital punishment, just war, and self-defense. Each exception is grounded in both Old and New Testament texts, with sustained attention to the Noahic Covenant, Romans 13, and Exodus 22, demonstrating that the civil magistrate's sword is a God-ordained instrument of justice rather than a violation of the commandment.
Wednesday Night Bible Study (Feb 23, 2022) - 4th Commandment, Part V
This concluding session on the Fourth Commandment (Exodus 20:8-11) surveys the entire biblical-theological arc from creation through the new covenant, demonstrating that the weekly sabbath is a perpetual moral obligation rooted in creation and redemption, not a ceremonial shadow abolished at the cross. The lecture reviews the progression from Genesis 2, Exodus 16, and Sinai through the prophets, the ministry of Christ, apostolic practice, and Hebrews 4, before working through the 1689 LBCF chapter 22, paragraphs 7 and 8, on the Christian sabbath. Application addresses the threefold use of the law with respect to sabbath, answers objections from alleged anti-sabbatarian texts in Romans 14, Galatians 4, and Colossians 2, and closes by grounding sabbath keeping in the active obedience of Christ imputed to believers.
The Empty Tomb and the Risen Lord
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the crowning proof that the Father accepted the Son's atoning work as a full satisfaction for sin. Expounding Matthew 28:1–10, this sermon works through the discovery of the empty tomb — the arrival of the women, the descent of the angel, and the commission given to the first witnesses — and then the appearance of the risen Lord to those same women. The resurrection is not myth or fable but attested history, with details such as the folded burial cloth, the terrified guards, and the forthright identification of women as the primary witnesses all serving the integrity of the gospel record. The empty tomb grounds the Christian's confidence in the forgiveness of sins and the imputed righteousness of Christ, and it calls every hearer to seek the risen Lord without fear.
2LCF Chapter 8 - Of Christ the Mediator, Part 1
Chapter 8 of the 1689 London Baptist Confession opens with the pre-temporal appointment of Christ as mediator in the covenant of redemption, then moves to the historical stages of that mediatorial work, beginning with the incarnation. The confession affirms that the Son of God, consubstantial and co-eternal with the Father, took on true human nature — with all its essential properties and common infirmities, yet without sin — so that two whole and distinct natures are inseparably united in one person: the hypostatic union. Drawing on John 1, Hebrews 2, 4, and 7, Galatians 4, and the Chalcedonian Definition of 451, the study traces the biblical and creedal foundations of Reformed Christology, and shows how the confession's language connects the Reformed Baptist tradition to the settled Christological consensus of the ancient church.
2LCF Chapter 22 - Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day, Part 1
The fourth commandment, 'Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy' (Exodus 20:8–11), is grounded not in Mosaic legislation alone but in the creational ordinance of Genesis 2:1–3, where God's sabbathing after six days of work establishes the one-in-seven pattern binding upon all his image-bearers. The Deuteronomy 5 parallel adds redemption alongside creation as a second rationale, and these twin foundations carry into the New Covenant. Surveying Genesis 2–4, Exodus 16, Mark 2, Isaiah 56 and 58, and Jeremiah 31, this exposition demonstrates the trans-covenantal utility of the Decalogue and argues that the Sabbath is not a burdensome restriction but a gracious gift through which God's people enter into fellowship with their Creator.
The Promise of the Coming King
Isaiah 9:6–7 presents the promised Messianic King in language that exceeds any earthly monarch — a child born yet mighty God, a son given yet everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace who secures shalom through conquest. This exposition sets the passage in its historical context of Assyrian devastation and prophetic hope, then works through the fourfold identification of the King and the fourfold character of His kingdom. The central application is that this King presently reigns at the right hand of the Father, and entrance into His eternal, covenantal, just, and secure kingdom is by grace through faith alone in the Lord Jesus Christ.
Introduction to the Decalogue
Exodus 20:1–2, the preface to the Decalogue, reveals God as the sovereign Lawgiver who redeems before He commands — a pattern in which grace precedes obligation that runs from Sinai through the new covenant. The sermon examines three classical uses of the Ten Commandments (civil, pedagogical, and normative) and the threefold division of the law (moral, ceremonial, judicial), demonstrating that the moral law alone abides in its full binding force for all people and all ages. Believers are not justified by the law but are directed by it as the objective standard of sanctification, so that love for God and neighbor is never left undefined or sentimental.
Exodus 16 - Bread from Heaven
Exodus 16 records Israel's complaint in the wilderness and God's provision of quail and manna, revealing that grumbling against His appointed servants is ultimately grumbling against God Himself. The chapter is expounded under three headings: the promise of bread (vv. 1–12), the presence of bread (vv. 13–31), and the preservation of bread (vv. 32–36). The manna narrative carries a Sabbatarian argument — the double portion on the sixth day presupposes Sabbath observance that predates Sinai, pointing back to Genesis 2 and forward to Exodus 20 and Hebrews 4. The episode also functions typologically, anticipating Christ as the true bread from heaven in John 6, and calls God's people in every covenant administration to daily dependence on their Provider rather than grumbling against His providence.
Exodus 15 - Song of Moses
Exodus 15 records the Song of Moses, a celebration of divine redemption and righteous judgment sung by Israel after the destruction of Pharaoh's army in the Red Sea. The sermon expounds the threefold structure of the song — the triumph of the Lord, the defeat of the Egyptians, and the majesty and incomparability of God — before tracing its prophetic reach into the nations' fear of Yahweh and the ultimate goal of covenant dwelling. The bitter waters of Marah complete the chapter, exposing Israel's reflexive grumbling as a failure to trust the God who had already done the greater work of redemption. Hearers are called to praise God for both his saving mercy and his just judgment, and to pass that doxological heritage to the next generation.
2LCF Chapter 2 - Of God and of the Holy Trinity, Part 3
The Holy Spirit as the third subsistence of the one divine essence is the subject of this study in Chapter 2, Paragraph 3 of the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith. The session traces the Spirit's presence and deity through both Testaments, works through the meaning of eternal procession from the Father and the Son (the filioque), and engages the historical debates at the councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, and Toledo that shaped confessional Trinitarian language. The practical conclusion drawn from the Confession is that the doctrine of the Trinity is not abstract speculation but the foundation of all communion with God and the believer's comfortable dependence upon Him.
The Crucifixion of Jesus, Part 3
Matthew 27:45–46 records the fourth of Christ's seven words from the cross — the cry of dereliction, 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' — and its interpretation demands both exegetical precision and doctrinal care. The darkness from the sixth to the ninth hour was not a solar eclipse but a supernatural sign of divine judgment, recapitulating the ninth plague pattern and marking the moment the Passover antitype was slain. The cry itself does not imply any ontological division within the Trinity, any dissolution of the hypostatic union, or the suffering of all three persons; rather, it expresses the withdrawal of divine consolation from the Son according to his true humanity as he bore, in our place as surety, the full weight of penal wrath. Believers are called to ground their assurance not in felt divine presence but in the covenant faithfulness of the God to whom Christ still cried 'my God' even in the depth of his substitutionary suffering.
The Defense of the Faith
Jude 3 commands every believer — not merely pastors or theologians — to contend earnestly for the faith once for all delivered to the saints. This sermon examines the exhortation itself, the internal threat posed by sneaky, ungodly apostates who pervert grace and deny Christ, and the practical preparedness Jude prescribes: remembering apostolic warning, building up on the most holy faith through Scripture and prayer, and resting in the assurance that God himself preserves his people. The defense of the faith is not pessimistic trench-holding but confident advance grounded in Christ's promise to build his church against which the gates of Hades shall not prevail.
Live Stream - July 11, 2021
John 1:18 presents two inseparable doctrines: the invisibility and incomprehensibility of God, and the revelation of that invisible God through the incarnate Word. The sermon works through the prologue of John's Gospel to show that while no creature has ever perceived the essential glory of God — not Abraham, not Moses, not Isaiah — the only begotten Son, who exists eternally in the bosom of the Father as a distinct yet consubstantial person of the Trinity, has exegeted the Father to us. The practical burden is that saving knowledge of God is not merely knowledge about the economy of redemption but knowledge of the Redeemer himself — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — and that the chief end of man is to glorify and enjoy this triune God forever.
Introduction to the Book of Exodus
The book of Exodus, whose Hebrew title derives from its opening words ('these are the names'), sets forth the foundational redemptive act of the Old Testament — God's deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage in fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant promise of Genesis 15. This session surveys the book's structure, authorship, and theological themes, including the threefold division of the law (moral, judicial, and ceremonial), the typological relationship between Moses and Christ, and the Baptist confessional distinction that identifies the Mosaic covenant as a covenant of works rather than an administration of the covenant of grace. The study closes by tracing how Exodus functions as a foundational template for redemptive history across both Testaments, climaxing in the antitypical work of the Lord Jesus Christ as the true Passover lamb and covenant mediator.
The Divinity of the Word
John 1:1–5 opens not in a Bethlehem stable but in eternity, establishing the Word's co-eternality, personal distinction from the Father, and full consubstantiality with the Father before a single creature existed. This sermon works through the first clause of John's prologue under five sub-points drawn from verse 1: the eternity, distinctiveness, and consubstantiality of the Word with the Father, the repetition of that glory in verse 2, and (deferred to the following week) the Word as creator of all things. The doctrine of the Trinity — one in essence, three in subsistence — is shown to be not an academic luxury but the very foundation of all communion with God and the indispensable framework for understanding why the incarnation is the supreme act of grace.
The Empty Tomb and the Risen Lord
Matthew 28:1–10 narrates not the resurrection itself but the discovery of the empty tomb and Christ's first post-resurrection appearance — and the distinction matters theologically. This sermon works through the arrival of the women, the descent of the angel, the angelic announcement, and Christ's own greeting, demonstrating that the resurrection is attested historical fact whose denial collapses justification, undermines the prophetic witness, and renders the Christian hope pitiable. The risen Christ's address to the women — calling the disciples 'my brethren' despite their desertion — is shown to be a concentrated display of the grace and advocacy that sustains every believer who has sinned against the Lord he professes to love.
The Christian Sabbath, Part 1
The Fourth Commandment's call to Sabbath observance is grounded not in Mosaic legislation alone but in the created order itself, the pattern of divine rest in Genesis 2, and the logic of redemption running through both Testaments. This sermon, the first in a series on the Christian Sabbath, expounds Deuteronomy 5:12–15 alongside key Old Covenant passages — Genesis 2, Exodus 16, Isaiah 56 and 58, and Jeremiah 31 — to argue that Sabbatarianism is a moral, perpetual, and trans-covenantal obligation rooted in creation and confirmed by covenant. The confession of the Second London Baptist Confession chapter 22 frames the doctrinal parameters, and the sermon closes with a call to receive the Sabbath not as a burden but as a blessed provision of God for his creatures.
The Second Commandment
The Second Commandment (Deuteronomy 5:8–10) does not merely forbid the worship of false gods — it forbids the worship of the true God in a false manner, a distinction that carries enormous weight for how the church orders its worship today. The sermon works through the commandment's prohibition against idols and images (including pictorial representations of Christ), the theological rationale grounded in God's jealousy and immutability, the transgenerational consequences of false worship understood not as a hereditary curse but as the imitation of godlessness, and the promise of mercy to those who love and obey God. The positive application is the Regulative Principle of Worship: only what God has commanded is acceptable, and anything beyond or contrary to that command — however sincere the motive — constitutes the offering of strange fire to Yahweh.
The Great Commission
The Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20) constitutes Christ's formal mandate to his church for this age: going, making disciples, baptizing believers, and teaching them to observe all that he commanded. The authority behind the commission is Christ's present, universal lordship — not a future investiture but a reigning reality — and the assurance sustaining it is his promised presence to the end of the age. Baptism is treated as believers' baptism by immersion, an initiatory ordinance that publicly identifies the disciple with the triune God and symbolises union with Christ in his death, burial, and resurrection. The sermon calls the church to be comprehensively about this single focused mission — preaching the gospel for justification, then grounding the justified in sanctification through the teaching ministry of the local church.
Sunday School - Biblical view of self-defense, part 2
Matthew 5:38–42 is frequently misread as a blanket prohibition against self-defense, capital punishment, and just war — three instances of justifiable homicide that Scripture plainly upholds. This exposition argues that Jesus is not contradicting the lex talionis (the law of retribution found in Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy) but is correcting the Pharisaic misapplication of a civil-judicial principle to everyday interpersonal conduct. The passage addresses four specific situations — insult, litigation, conscription, and benevolence — and calls believers to a disposition of forbearance in personal relations, while leaving entirely untouched the legitimacy of lawful self-defense, just war, and capital punishment as administered by the civil magistrate.
Sunday School - Sept 6 - Self-Defense, Part 1/2
What does Scripture teach about the right of individuals to use lethal force in self-defense? Working through Exodus 22:2–3, a range of Old Testament illustrations, and the teaching of Jesus in the Gospels, this study argues that defensive homicide is not murder and is consistent with the whole counsel of God's law. The session also draws on Francis Turretin's four conditions for lawful self-defense and the Westminster Larger Catechism's treatment of the sixth commandment, situating the biblical case within the broader Reformed and historic Christian tradition. The study closes by distinguishing private revenge — which Scripture forbids — from necessary defense of life, family, and property, which Scripture assumes and authorizes.
Introduction to the Book of Exodus
The book of Exodus is not a standalone document but the second movement of the Pentateuch, continuing the story of the covenant people from Genesis through to their deliverance from Egypt, the giving of the law at Sinai, and the construction of the tabernacle. This introductory study surveys the book's structure through three themes — deliverance, demand, and dwelling — and traces how each anticipates Christ: Moses as covenant mediator prefiguring the greater Mediator, the Passover lamb pointing to the sacrifice of Christ, and the tabernacle foreshadowing the incarnation. The threefold division of God's law (moral, judicial, ceremonial) is explained with reference to the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith, with particular attention to why the moral law remains perpetually binding while the judicial and ceremonial laws have expired. The study closes by applying the Immanuel principle — that God redeems his people in order to commune with them — to the corporate worship of the New Covenant church.
The Christian's Duty toward Non-Christians
Titus 3:1–3 sets out the Christian's duty toward both civil government and all people outside the church. The sermon traces the divine origin of civil government from Genesis 9 through Romans 13 and 1 Peter 2, arguing from Francis Turretin's two-kingdom framework that Christ rules both the civil and spiritual spheres, and that the civil state therefore has no authority to command the church as church. Verse 3's catalogue of pre-conversion vices — foolishness, disobedience, malice, hatred — is read as a theological reason for patient, peaceable, and humble conduct toward non-Christians: believers were once exactly what they now struggle to bear in others, and those others may yet become objects of the same sovereign grace.
The Resurrection and Justification
Romans 4:25 declares that Christ 'was delivered up because of our offenses and was raised because of our justification' — a verse Charles Hodge called a comprehensive statement of the gospel and Matthew Poole called an abridgment of the whole. The sermon works through two inseparable redemptive realities: the substitutionary, particular atonement accomplished in Christ's death, and the five-fold testimony of the resurrection to the validity of that work. The central application is that a robust grasp of justification by faith alone — the imputation of Christ's righteousness received through faith — is the irreplaceable foundation for Christian stability, comfort, and peace with God.