Theological term
Justification by Faith Alone
247 sermons · All terms
The Cross and the Crown of Christ, Part 1
Psalm 22 is the suffering Messiah speaking in his own voice — a depth of self-disclosure that the prophet Isaiah 53 approaches but does not match. This sermon works through the first two of three laments in verses 1–11: Christ's desolation under judicial desertion by the Father, and the reproach heaped upon him by his enemies. The cry of dereliction is neither a rupture in the Trinity nor a dissolution of the hypostatic union, but a penal desertion in which the Father withdraws his favorable countenance from the one who has been made sin as mediator. Throughout each lament Christ models the pattern of honest complaint before God followed by confident recourse to the Father's holiness, covenant faithfulness, and sovereign purpose — a pattern the church is called to imitate in its own far lesser sufferings.
More than a Greeting
Titus 1:1–4 is far more than a standard epistolary greeting: compressed into four verses is a complete theology of the apostolic commission, the sovereignty of God in salvation, and the unchangeable hope of the elect. The sermon traces seven movements in Paul's salutation — from the commissioned servant and his appointed course, through the changeless confidence grounded in divine immutability, the chosen season of gospel proclamation, the committed charge, the common confession, and the consummate blessing of grace, mercy, and peace. Hearers are pressed to own the gospel publicly, to adorn it by godly conduct, and — if outside of Christ — to cast off misery and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ.
2LCF - Introduction to the 1689 London Confession of Faith
The 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith (properly the 1677 Confession) did not arise in a vacuum: it was a deliberate act of theological stewardship by particular Baptists who stood inside the Reformed Protestant consensus, followed the Westminster Assembly and the Savoy Declaration in structure and wording, and published their confession to correct heterodoxy, serve a new generation, and demonstrate solidarity with fellow persecuted Protestants. This introductory session reads the original epistolary preface to the confession in full and then surveys its argument under five headings — continuity, catholicity, candor, confirmation, and conversation — showing how the confessors understood creeds and confessions as the church's Berean effort to articulate what the Bible says, not to add to it. The session closes with a call to receive the confession in the same spirit in which it was written: not contention, but a whole-souled, humble, and Spirit-dependent owning of the faith once for all delivered to the saints.
Of Troublers and the Truth
Galatians 5:7–12 confronts the churches of Galatia with a rhetorical question of reproach — who hindered you from obeying the truth? — and Paul's answer exposes the errorists who were smuggling human obedience into the scheme of salvation. The sermon works through five movements in the passage: the question asked, the assessment given, the verdict rendered, the offense retained, and the imprecation pronounced. Central to the exposition is the conviction that any gospel attaching the works of the individual to the finished work of Christ brings confusion, distress, and fear, while the gospel of grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone brings true and solid peace. Hearers are called to run the race well, to reject doctrinal error with the discernment that distinguishes not only right from wrong but right from almost right, and to be jealous for the purity of the church's doctrine.
The Gospel's Precious Liberty Part 2
Paul's warning in Galatians 5:2–6 is stark: to submit to circumcision as necessary for salvation is to forfeit Christ entirely and to incur an obligation to keep the whole law perfectly. This sermon expounds the twofold warning (estrangement from Christ; falling from grace understood not as loss of salvation but as abandonment of the gospel's scheme of grace), the perseverance of the saints confirmed by John 6, John 10, Romans 8, and Hebrews 7, and the exercise of Christian liberty in spirit-wrought confidence and a faith that works through love. True confidence rests not in the flesh or in any obedience of our own, but in the person, blood, sacrifice, and righteousness of Christ received by faith alone.
The Gospel's Precious Liberty
Galatians 5:1–6 commands believers to stand fast in the liberty Christ has purchased, refusing any entanglement with a yoke of bondage. This sermon traces the full weight of Paul's argument through Galatians to show that Christian liberty is freedom from the dominion, guilt, and condemnation of sin, from the grip of the devil, and from the yoke of the ceremonial law. The forfeiture of that liberty — by adding circumcision or any other work to the ground of justification — renders Christ of no profit and leaves the soul estranged from grace. Seven means by which believers stand fast in this liberty are set out, all grounded in the Spirit's sustaining work through the means of grace.
The Deliverance of the Psalmist, Part 1
Psalm 18:1–19 presents David's praise to God for deliverance from all his enemies, and the psalm functions typologically: David points forward to his greater Son, the Lord Jesus Christ, whose sufferings, death, and resurrection are the ultimate fulfillment of what the psalmist describes. Working through three divisions — the occasion of praise (the superscription), the declaration of praise (vv. 1–3), and the motivation for praise (vv. 4–19) — the sermon demonstrates that David's deliverance rests not on David's own prowess but on the sovereign power and delight of Yahweh. The sermon calls believers to love God with the love that is the chief fruit of faith, to cry out to God in distress rather than to despair, and to find consolation in the reality that God moves heaven and earth to vindicate his people and vanquish their enemies.
The Expectation of the Righteous One
Psalm 17 is approached as primarily the prayer of the Lord Jesus Christ according to his human nature — a perfectly righteous man crying to his Father for vindication, protection, and ultimate glorification. The sermon works through three movements: the psalmist's petition grounded in his righteousness, prayerfulness, and defenselessness (vv. 1–9); the character and violence of his enemies (vv. 10–12); and the psalmist's expectation of judgment on the wicked and resurrection presence with God (vv. 13–15). Because Christ's righteousness is imputed to believers by faith alone, the psalm becomes the church's prayer — a call to earnest, importunate intercession, patient endurance in a hostile age, and fixed hope in the resurrection rather than in temporal prosperity.
The Conversion of Rahab the Harlot
Joshua 2 presents the conversion of Rahab the harlot as a deliberate theological interruption in Israel's conquest narrative — not incidental color, but a magnification of the sovereign, free grace of Yahweh toward a Gentile prostitute. The sermon works through her fear, confession, and covenant with the spies to demonstrate that salvation is by grace alone through faith alone, a faith that inevitably produces works, as James 2 and Hebrews 11 confirm. Rahab's inclusion in the genealogy of Christ in Matthew 1 seals the point: the God of heaven and earth is also the God of sinful Gentile harlots, and His grace toward her is a standing summons for sinners to come immediately to the Lord Jesus Christ.
The Instructions of Calvary
Luke 23:32–43 presents, in twelve verses, a concentrated display of the doctrines that define the gospel: total depravity, effectual grace, justification by faith alone, the hypostatic union of Christ's two natures, assurance, and immediate conscious glory at death. The sermon traces seven theological loci arising from the conversion of the penitent thief, demonstrating that the entire redemptive narrative of Scripture converges at Calvary. The penitent thief is not an extreme case or a last-minute exception but a paradigm of every sinner who comes to Christ with nothing in hand and receives everything by sovereign, irresistible grace.
2LCF Chapter 25 - Of Marriage
The 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith chapter 25 offers a concise yet comprehensive definition of marriage as a lifelong covenant between one man and one woman, established by God in creation for companionship, procreation, and the lawful expression of sexual relations. This study works through each paragraph of the confession's chapter on marriage, examining the monogamous nature of marriage, the major purposes for which it was ordained, and the lawful parties who may enter it. The session also draws on Westminster Confession chapters 24, paragraphs 5 and 6, together with Deuteronomy 24, Matthew 5 and 19, and 1 Corinthians 7, to argue that Scripture authorizes divorce on the grounds of porneia and desertion, and that a lawfully divorced innocent party is free to remarry. The Protestant 'permanence view' of marriage is examined and found to be both exegetically deficient and pastorally harmful to innocent parties whom God's own law was designed to protect.
The Conversion of the Apostle Paul
Paul's gratitude in 1 Timothy 1:12–14 is inseparable from the radicalism of his own conversion. Working through these three verses, this exposition traces the apostle's pre-conversion state — blasphemer, persecutor, and insolent man — as deliberately set up to magnify the sovereign mercy that overthrew him on the road to Damascus. The sermon gives careful attention to the nature of Paul's ignorance in unbelief, distinguishing it from the willful, light-rejecting sin of those who witnessed Christ's signs and wonders firsthand, and shows how effectual calling brought not only forgiveness but a hermeneutical key that unlocked the entire Old Testament. The governing application is that every believer, like Paul, stands before God not on the ground of moral reformation or law-keeping but solely on received mercy and exceedingly abundant grace — and that this reality is the wellspring of genuine Christian gratitude.
The Promise of Blessing or Curse
Deuteronomy 11 sets before Israel a stark covenantal choice: blessing conditioned upon obedience to the Lord, or curse consequent upon idolatry and rebellion. Working through the chapter's three sections — the works of God rehearsed in history, the requirement of covenant fidelity, and the promise of blessing or curse — the sermon traces how Israel's failure to meet the covenant's demands is precisely the ground upon which Christ, as the true Israel and last Adam, fulfills all righteousness and absorbs the covenant curse on behalf of his people. The exhortation closes by connecting Deuteronomy 27:26 to Galatians 3, showing that the Mosaic covenant of works for Israel becomes the ground of Christ's redemptive obedience and that justification has always been by faith alone in the one who kept what Israel could not.
Baptism in the Old Testament
The washings of the Old Covenant — priestly consecration, the Day of Atonement, and ritual purification — constitute the Old Testament type to which New Testament baptism is the antitype, not circumcision as pedobaptist argument typically asserts. This session of a three-part seminar argues that Jesus' baptism marked his public entry into priestly ministry, and that believers are baptized because they, too, are priests to God who must be consecrated for access into his presence. The session draws on Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Hebrews, and 1 Peter to build a biblical theology of water and cleansing, urging a recovery of genuine appreciation for baptism as a meaningful ordinance rather than a mere formality.
Ask FGBC #62: What is Federal Vision?
Federal Vision theology, originating largely within Presbyterian and broader Reformed circles, conflates the covenant of works with the covenant of grace into a mono-covenantalism that mingles works and grace. The result is a doctrine of justification dependent on grace-assisted covenantal faithfulness rather than the imputed righteousness of Christ alone. This Q&A response argues that Federal Vision constitutes not a subtle revision but an outright rejection of the historic doctrine of justification by faith alone, grounded in both Christ's active obedience imputed to the believer and his passive obedience bearing the wrath of God in the sinner's stead.
The Justice and Mercy of the Lord, Part 2: God's Judgment and Refuge
Psalm 9:13–20 presents two petitions that mirror the psalm's earlier doctrinal foundation: a cry for mercy grounded in God's proven faithfulness, and a cry for judgment grounded in the certainty of divine justice. The preacher traces both petitions through their Christological fulfillment — the man of sorrows who prays from the gates of death and the appointed judge of the world in righteousness — demonstrating that David's psalm finds its true subject in Christ. God's justice toward the wicked and His mercy toward the oppressed are not in tension but are two sides of the same covenantal reality: the overthrow of God's enemies is itself the preservation of God's people. Hearers are called to pray these psalms with theological weight, to assemble corporately as those delivered from the gates of death into the gates of Zion, and to seek the Lord while He may be found.
The Justice and Mercy of the Lord
Psalm 9 presents the Lord as both righteous Judge of the wicked and secure refuge for the afflicted — realities that are inseparable and must be held together. Interpreted through a Christocentric lens consistent with Luke 24:44, the psalm is understood as the voice of the Lord Jesus Christ in his earthly ministry, with David functioning typologically to foreshadow the sufferings and vindication of the Son of Man. The first half of the sermon (vv. 1–12) expounds the psalmist's confidence in God: his declaration of whole-hearted praise, his affirmation that God judges the nations, and his assurance that God is an unfailing refuge for those who seek him — grounded ultimately in the doctrine of justification by faith alone. Hearers are called to seek their refuge in God rather than in circumstance, and to rejoice openly in the justice and mercy that belong inseparably to the character of the Most High.
Ask FGBC #59: What is Faith?
Faith is defined in two senses in Scripture: as the objective content of the Christian religion (the propositions of the gospel to be believed) and as the subjective act of believing. In its saving sense, faith is the Spirit-given, empty-handed instrument by which a sinner rests upon and receives the Lord Jesus Christ and all the redemptive benefits secured by His obedient life, atoning death, and resurrection. Because regeneration precedes faith and faith itself is a divine gift, the strength of one's faith — or the feelings accompanying it — is never the ground of salvation; Christ alone is that ground. The discussion warns against distortions that load faith with feelings, smuggle faithfulness or love into its definition, or ground justification in evangelical obedience rather than in Christ received through faith alone.
The Children of Covenant Liberty
Galatians 4:21–31 presents two covenants through the allegory of Hagar and Sarah, and Paul's argument cuts to the heart of the Judaizing error: those who desire to be under the law have failed to hear what the law itself says about the promise. The Old Covenant, a legal covenant given to the physical posterity of Abraham, produces only bondage; the Covenant of Grace, secured by Christ, produces free heirs of the promise. The sermon draws on Nehemiah Cox, John Spilsbury, and Romans 9 to argue that Abraham's two distinct posterities — one of flesh, one of promise — cannot be conflated without damage to justification by faith alone, with direct implications for Reformed Baptist covenant theology and the proper recipients of baptism.
The Propagation of Israel's Faith
Deuteronomy 6:6–9 commands Israel not merely to profess allegiance to the one true God but to propagate that truth — first by internalizing it personally, then by transmitting it diligently to children and grandchildren in both formal and informal settings. The passage is read against the wider covenantal structure of Deuteronomy and set in parallel with Ezra 7:10, Psalm 119, and Ephesians 6:4 to show that receiving, doing, and teaching God's word are inseparable obligations running across both covenants. The sermon presses home that teaching children the law and the gospel is not a specialist calling for the especially devout but a natural reflex of redemptive grace, as ordinary and non-negotiable as providing food and shelter. Parents are urged to establish modest, consistent patterns of family worship — Scripture reading, catechism, prayer, and informal covenantal conversation — as the primary means of inoculating children against the idolatry of the surrounding world.
The Ratification of the Old Covenant
Exodus 24:1–8 records the ratification of the Old Covenant at Sinai through blood sacrifice, a mediator, and the sworn fidelity of the people — all of which anticipate and are surpassed by the New Covenant inaugurated in the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Old Covenant is identified not as an administration of the covenant of grace but as a covenant of works, in which Israel's standing depended upon their own obedience: 'all that the Lord has commanded we will do.' The New Covenant contrasts sharply: Christ, the true Israel of God, fulfills every covenantal obligation in the place of his people, so that the ground of the believer's standing before God is not their performance but his finished work. The sermon closes with a practical call to live at the foot of Calvary rather than at the foot of Sinai, resisting the legal temptation to ground either justification or sanctification in personal obedience.
The Morning Prayer of the Messiah
Psalm 5 is the morning prayer of the Messiah — not merely a psalm David wrote, but a prophetic window into the prayer life of the incarnate Son of God as he faced bloodthirsty and deceitful enemies throughout his earthly ministry. The sermon works through four movements: Christ's appeal to the hearing God, his comfort in the divine perfections of holiness, justice, and mercy, his petitions for the guidance of the godly and the condemnation of the godless, and his confidence in the protecting God. Because the righteousness that qualifies the pray-er is Christ's own imputed righteousness received by faith alone, Psalm 5 becomes the possession of every believer in the new covenant, a daily call to pray dependently, joyfully, and with full confidence in the God who hears.
Paul's Apostolic Concern
Paul's letter to the Galatians confronts churches tempted to abandon the sufficiency of Christ's work in favour of Judaizing observances, and in Galatians 4:8–20 the apostle makes the startling theological move of equating Jewish law-keeping after Christ's advent with pagan idolatry — both are bondage to 'weak and beggarly elements.' The sermon traces three movements in the passage: the regression of backsliding into that bondage, the broken fellowship Paul calls to remembrance, and the false zeal of the agitators set against Paul's own burdened, birth-labour concern for Christ to be formed in his hearers. The application presses believers to guard against the perennial love of novelty and to hold with unwavering constancy to the old paths of justification by faith alone in Christ alone.
The Defense of the Faith
Jude 3 commands every believer — not merely church officers — to contend earnestly for the faith once for all delivered to the saints. This sermon works through the exhortation (v. 3), the motivation supplied by the reality of internal heresy (v. 4), and the disposition required of faithful contenders (vv. 17, 20–21). The defense of objective Christian truth is grounded not in combative temperament but in the knowledge that God loves his people, and is sustained through the study of Scripture, prayer, and a forward orientation toward the return of Christ.
What Is Faith? When Should I Be Baptized? & more| Ask FGBC Batch 6
This Q&A episode from a confessional Reformed Baptist church addresses twelve questions spanning baptism, faith, church membership, Scripture interpretation, seminary training, and the heresies of Federal Vision and Baxterianism. Particular attention is given to the definition of saving faith — distinguishing the objective content of the faith from the act of believing, warning against loading faith with feelings, faithfulness, or love as its ground, and insisting that faith is the empty instrument through which God-given grace lays hold of Christ alone. The episode closes with treatments of conviction of sin, catechetical instruction of children, and the importance of an educated ministry.
The Triumph of the Son of God
Revelation 12 provides a behind-the-scenes look at the cosmic conflict between the dragon and the seed of the woman, tracing the incarnation, ascension, and enthronement of Christ as the decisive defeat of Satan. The chapter identifies three parties — the woman (the covenant people of God), the dragon (Satan), and the male child (the Lord Jesus Christ) — and traces Satan's repeated, comprehensive failures to destroy Messiah and then to destroy the church. Christ's triumph at his first advent does not remove suffering from the church; rather, the defeated devil turns his fury upon Christ's people, who overcome by the blood of the Lamb, the word of their testimony, and a courage rooted in justification by faith alone. The sermon calls believers to resist Satan's tactics of deceit, accusation, and heresy by knowing the truth, and calls the unconverted to look in faith to the ascended Christ who promises rest to the weary.
Late in Time Behold Him Come
The incarnation of the Son of God is not one event among many in redemptive history but the appointed climax toward which every Old Covenant type, ceremony, and providence was directing the people of God. Expounding Galatians 4:1–5, this sermon argues that the Old Covenant was temporary, preparatory, and anticipatory — never designed to convey everlasting covenantal blessing — and that Paul deploys the incarnation as a decisive argument against the Judaizing error of faith plus works. The 'but when' of verse 4 marks the arrival of the fullness of the times: the Father's eternally decreed appointment, the fulfillment of prophetic announcement, the termination of types and shadows, and the perfection of all providences. The sermon closes with a call to set the confidence of the soul entirely on the Son of God who descended from glory to redeem lawbreakers and bring many sons and daughters to everlasting glory.
Who Are the Sons of God?
Galatians 3:26–29 declares that all who believe in Christ are sons of God through faith — not through ethnic descent from Abraham, physical circumcision, or adherence to the Mosaic law. This sermon works through the status, redemptive ground, sign, and unity of that sonship, demonstrating from Matthew 3, John 8, Romans 2 and 9, and Ephesians 2 that children of God are defined by union with Christ rather than by nationality, social condition, or sex. The threefold negation of Galatians 3:28 directly demolishes the Judaizing confidence in Israelite birth, free status, and maleness, and points instead to the covenant of grace in which all believers are equally heirs of the promise. The sermon closes with a call to rest in the alien righteousness of Christ as the sole ground of adopted sonship.
The Permanence and Primacy of Christ and Christianity
Paul's argument in Galatians 3:19–26 is pressed from every angle: the Mosaic law was given because of transgressions, temporary in design, never a rival to the promise but a servant of it, and fulfilled entirely in the coming of Christ. The law functioned as a pedagogue — restraining sin, exposing guilt, and driving the sinner toward the one it signified — but with Christ's advent that tutelage has ended. True sonship before God belongs not to national Israel nor to any who ground their standing in works of law, but exclusively to those united to Christ by faith, who are thereby Abraham's seed and heirs of the promise. The sermon calls the church to be guarded against any doctrine that introduces human works into the ground of justification, and to be ardently and exclusively attached to Christ as the sole Savior of sinners.
The Mission and Ministry of the Church
What is the mission and ministry of the church, and how does the apostolic pattern in Acts 2 define both? This sermon works through Acts 2:22–42, showing that the church's mission is the proclamation of Christ — his life, atoning death, resurrection, and exaltation — accompanied by the killing work of God's law that convicts sinners of their guilt and drives them to the Savior. The ministry that follows is shaped by the four marks of the early church in verse 42: steadfast continuance in the apostles' doctrine, fellowship, the breaking of bread, and prayer — the simple means by which God feeds his blood-bought people.