Christ Our Propitiation
You may turn in your Bibles to Romans chapter 3. Romans chapter 3. I'll just pick up reading in verse 21. But now the righteousness of God, apart from the law, is revealed, being witnessed by the law and the prophets, even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all who believe. For there is no difference, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God set forth as a propitiation by his blood, through faith, to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed, to demonstrate at the present time his righteousness. that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Where is boasting, then it is excluded by what law of works? No, but by the law of faith. Therefore, we conclude that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds of the law. Or is he the God of the Jews only? Is He not also the God of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also, since there is one God who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. Do we then make void the law through faith? Certainly not. On the contrary, we establish the law. Amen. Well, let us pray. Father, we ask now for the ministry of Your Spirit. We pray that You would encourage our hearts as to what we find in this section of Holy We just thank You for our Lord Jesus. We thank You for His work accomplished. We thank You for that work applied by the power of Your Spirit. We pray that You would cause us to be a joyful people as we consider Your redemptive mercies. We just ask now, Lord, forgive us for all of our sins and all of our transgressions, and we pray through Christ Jesus our Lord. Amen. Well, we're going to look specifically this evening at that middle section of that beginning section that we read versus twenty one to twenty six. Douglas Moo in his commentary states that Martha Martin Luther called this paragraph the chief point of the whole Bible. This paragraph was the chief point of the whole Bible. Now, before we can actually get into this particular section, it is good for us to see the context, to see what's going on thus far in Paul's letter to the Romans. Notice back in chapter 1 at verses 16 and 17. This is absolutely crucial for a study of this book. Paul says, for I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ. For it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes for the Jew first and also for the Greek for in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith as it is written, the just shall live by faith that serves as an overall thesis to the remaining remainder of the book. This is what Paul has come to write about the gospel of Jesus Christ. In that gospel, the righteousness that God demands and that God supplies is revealed from faith to faith. And then, prior to getting into the good news or the gospel itself, Paul starts with the bad news. Romans chapter 1 at verse 18, he says, For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of man. Before we can present the gospel, before we can tell sinners the good news, we need to tell them something of the bad news. And that's precisely what the apostle does. He begins with God's wrath. revealed from heaven against specific targets, those who know the truth, but who suppress the truth and unrighteousness. Paul takes up this subject in a very detailed manner from chapter one, verse eighteen, all the way to chapter three, verse twenty. He highlights the universal condemnation of all mankind. All are justly liable to God's wrath due to their sin against the Holy God. And that then sets the stage of the context for what he says in verse 21. But now, he says, the righteousness of God, apart from the law, is revealed. So, we have in chapter 1, verse 18, wrath revealed. Here in chapter 3, verse 21, righteousness revealed. That righteousness that sinners desperately need so that they may stand before this holy God Most High. As Hodge says, he has shown or he has taught that justification was not by works, but by faith and entirely gracious. He now comes to show, specifically verses 25 and 26, he now comes to show how it is that this exercise of mercy to the sinner can be reconciled with the justice of God and the demands of his law. So that's what's going on here. Justification by faith. In Christ alone does not mean that the law has been sacrificed. No, God upholds the law in the punishment of his son and in the salvation of his people. And that's Paul's point in this particular section in Romans three. So we're going to make three observations, just a cursory overview. We won't look at every particular detail, but I want us to notice, first of all, the purpose of the father in this transaction. Secondly, the activity of the sun and then thirdly, the demonstration of righteousness. But notice the purpose of the father. Verse twenty one. He asserts that the righteousness of God has been revealed and it's been witnessed by law and profit. That means the Old Testament. This isn't a brand new development. The Old Testament pointed forward to this great redemptive truth. that the servant of Jehovah would come, that he would offer himself up on a cross, and that he would redeem his people from their sins. This gospel is witnessed by the law and the prophets. He indicates the instrumentality by which we come into saving contact with this. Notice in verse 22, he says, even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ. This section truly stresses the instrumentality of faith. It is not by words. It is not by our labor. It is not by our merit. It is not by what we accomplish. And if we read effectively up to this point, we know that it could never be. Look at what he says in chapter three at verse nine. He says, What then are we better than they? Not at all. For we have previously charged both Jews and Greeks that they are all under sin. As it is written, there is none righteous. No, not one. There is none who understands. There is none who seeks after God. They have all turned aside. They have together become unprofitable. There is none who does good. No, not one. So, when we read through this, we need to realize that there's not a one of us who can earn our salvation. We can't work for God's favor. We can't work for His acceptance. He goes on in verse 13 to say, Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have practiced deceit. The poison of asps is under their lips, whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. Their feet are swift to shed blood. Destruction and misery are in their ways. In the way of peace they have not known, And there is no fear of God before their eyes. You ever start feeling proud about yourself? Go back to Romans chapter 3, verses 9 to 20. This is an accurate assessment of who you are before a holy God. This is an accurate depiction of what you are before God most high. If you are to be redeemed, if you are to be accepted, if you are to be received from God most high, it is through the merit and the mercy of another, even the Lord Jesus Christ. And we appropriate those benefits through faith alone. Faith plus works, but faith alone. Paul summarizes in verse 19, he says, Now we know that whatever the law says, it says for those who are under the law that every mouth may be stopped and all the world may become guilty before God. Therefore, by the deeds of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin. So if you find yourself here this evening and you think that you're going to go to heaven because you're a pretty good guy or girl, because you've never done anything really bad. You've never engaged in murder. You've never engaged in whatever sorts of sins you think are especially heinous. You need to reckon with this fact. Therefore, he says, by the deeds of the law, no flesh will be justified in God's sight. There is absolutely no way that a son or daughter of Adam can work his or her way into God's favor. It is impossible. It is impossible because of who you are in Adam. and because of the fact that you are predisposed to engage in evil and rebellion. Again, this is the context. He says that faith is the instrument by which we come into contact with this righteousness. He reasserts in verse 23 where he summarizes what he's already said in chapter 3. For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God." And then he speaks of the glorious blessing of redemption in verse 24. Notice, being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. Isn't that a beautiful statement? Someone might see our church sign and say, free grace? I thought grace by definition was free. Isn't it? Isn't grace mean unmerited favor? What you're saying is you've got unmerited favor, unmerited favor. Free grace, right? This is the text. This is why. This was brought to my attention by Pastor Lee McKinnon, by the way. Your name of your church is consistent with what Paul says in Romans 3, 24. Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. Now I'm going to ask you to put on your thinking caps. You're back in second grade. Remember your second grade teacher would tell you that? Junior, put your thinking cap on. I want you to pay attention. I want you to follow along. Put your thinking cap on. Strap it on and make sure it's not going anywhere. We're going to meet with a couple of theological words tonight that I think is very good for us to understand the weight, or at least a bit of the weight, of these particular words. The first word is redemption. Redemption presupposes slavery. Redemption presupposes bondage. John Murray says redemption contemplates our bondage and is the provision of grace to release us from that bondage. What a blessed statement! Redemption contemplates our bondage and is the provision of grace to release us from that bondage. This is what Paul says, verse 24, being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. Now, notice as well, with reference to the purpose of the Father, it is His initiative that we be brought into acceptance with God. Look at what it says in verse 25. After highlighting that this redemption is in Christ Jesus, Paul now says in verse 25, whom Christ Jesus, God set forth as a propitiation. We'll unpack that word propitiation in just a moment, but look at what Paul says. God set forth Christ. Have you ever met people that say, oh, the God of the Old Testament is wrathful and angry and vicious and mean, and the God of the New Testament is this gracious Lord Jesus who has accepted us into his bosom and presented us to his Father? Well, the whole scope, the whole plan, the whole economy of redemption flows from the father. The father sought. It is the father who set forth his son. It is the father who sends his son on this particular mission. One man says it this way. The atonement did not procure, that means get or obtain or receive grace. He says it flowed from grace. Got to get this down. This is important. We don't have this God in heaven that is somehow disunified, or there's some sort of antinomy between the person. No, this was the pact of God in eternity. The father gives a company of miserable sinners into the hand of his beloved son, and his son comes on a mission to rescue them. John Scott says it cannot be emphasized too strongly that God's love is the source, not the consequence of the atonement. God does not love us because Christ died for us. Christ died for us because God loves us. It's a subtle distinction that we need to get. We need to understand that the tribe is involved in our salvation. The tribe God has covenanted to redeem his people from their sins. Scott goes on to say, if it is God's wrath which needed to be propitiated, it is God's love which did the propitiating. If it may be said that the propitiation changed God or that by it He changed Himself, let us be clear that He did not change from wrath to love or from enmity to grace, since His character is unchanging. What the propitiation changed was His dealings with us. And that brings us now to consider the specific activity of the Son. Paul says that God set forth Jesus as a propitiation. Propitiation is another one of those words that we do well to understand. I'd like to take the people that have been here for any sort of time or any distance or any length of time rather and ask them what propitiation is. This is Mars is smiling at me. I suspect she knows. I hope she knows. We've gone over this before. This is. Soteriology 101, refresher course. Propitiation. If redemption presupposes slavery and bondage, propitiation presupposes wrath and anger and fury. Propitiation has to do with God the Son. standing in our place, taking fully and exhausting wholly the wrath of God for his people. He doesn't do this by deflection. He doesn't do this by sending it away. He doesn't send the wrath of God to the dark side of the moon, but rather Christ in himself takes the full weight, the full brunt of God's wrath. That's why we see him this morning in Gethsemane. As he is about to drink the cup of God's wrath, he sweats drops of blood. He knows what this cup contains. He knows what the fury of God is all about. Now, some of us in the Reformed camp often say that the church needs to preach more about wrath and fury and anger, because the church is basically drowning in these maudlin messages of the love of God. But even those in Reformed camps, even those who study Reformed theology, those who read the Puritans and the Confessions and all that good stuff, have about that much of an understanding of what God's wrath against sin really is. Christ understood it, Christ sorrowed under the weight of it. That's what he says in the Garden. My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even unto death. Why? Was it because of the mocking and the tormenting he would receive at the hands of sinners? No, it was the cup of wrath that God had placed in his hand to drink to the uttermost. Propitiation is, or as Murray says, propitiation contemplates our liability to the wrath of God and is the provision of grace whereby we may be freed from that wrath. It's a great word. I highly encourage you to pursue theology. I highly encourage you on a Thursday morning, when you don't feel that good as a Christian, when you don't feel that holy, or when you don't feel that upright, or when you don't feel that close to the Lord, come look at some beautiful theology. Come see what Christ accomplished on the cross. Come see something of the multifaceted glory that is Calvary. Come look at redemption, come look at propitiation, come consider the fact that Jesus paid the debt, that Jesus suffered in himself the wrath that we deserve, so that we will never, ever, ever have to cry out, why hast thou forsaken me? bore the punishment for our sin. That's what Paul is setting forth, whom God set forth as a propitiation by his blood. Douglas Moos says that God's wrath is the inevitable and necessary reaction of absolute holiness to sin. It is the inevitable and necessary reaction of absolute holiness to sin. When God sees it, he is full of wrath and anger and fury. We need to pay the debt. It is Christ who stands in our place and receives the punishment of God on our behalf. This rich word is used over in Hebrews chapter two at verse 17. This word propitiation, a form of the of the word, a form of the or at least the noun form of this particular word is that statement by the public and when he says, God be merciful to me, the center, God be propitious to me, the center here in Hebrews 12 to rather verse 17. It says, therefore, in all things, he had to be made like his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest. in things pertaining to God, to make notice, propitiation for the sins of the people. Very specific sins, very specific people, Jesus propitiated it. Taking the punishment that was due for us in himself and thus satisfying the wrath and fury of God. 1 John, rather, chapter 2, verse 2. 1 John 2, 1, My little children, these things I write to you, so that you may not sin. And if anyone sins, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous, and He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the whole world. Understanding the definition of the word helps us to make sense of this particular verse. If Jesus propitiated the sins for every man without exception in the world, then every man without exception in the world would be saved. That's not the case, though. The Bible tells us there's a real hell. There are real unbelievers. There are those who will be told, depart from me, for I never knew you. The whole world in this particular context refers to Jews and Gentiles. It refers to men from every tribe and tongue and people and nation. Christ is the propitiation, the Savior of the world, the one alone who propitiates the wrath of God for black men, or for white men, or for Asians, or for Americans, or Canadians, or whoever, for men, for women, for boys, for girls. There is one who propitiates the wrath of God, and that is Jesus Christ our Lord. And then in 1 John chapter 4 at verse 10. First John, chapter 4, verse 10. I want you to see this because I want you to see that theology is necessary for the Christian life. We can fall prey to this idea of a list of practical do's and don'ts. You can take the Beatitudes, for instance, and say, well, I need to go out and be poor in spirit. I need to go out and mourn over my sin. I need to hunger and thirst after righteousness. And well, we do. And well, we should. One of the emphases that we focused on in our exposition of the Beatitudes. But we mustn't forget theology. We mustn't forget the cross. We mustn't forget this commentary on what Christ accomplished at Calvary on our behalf. And the New Testament authors always and everywhere insert these things for us so that we'll be full or so that we'll have the practical, but we'll have the doctrinal. We'll have the doctrinal which provides the reasons for the practical. 1 John 4, 10, and this is love. Not that we love God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. Ever just thought, wow, this is amazing. Not that I love God. We should love God. Right? He's lovely. He's beautiful, He's wondrous, He's majestic, He's holy, He's perfect. For us not to love God shows us how sinful we really are. For us to not love God demonstrates the depths of our depravity. The fact that we don't like to retain God in our knowledge, the fact that we turn the back to Him rather than bowing down to Him is an indictment of our wickedness and the foolishness that is bound up in our hearts. The amazing thing in the Bible is not that men love God, it's that God loves us. We are altogether unlovely. We are those who have gone astray. We are those who have no fear of God before our eyes. We are those who use our mouths as instruments of evil to blaspheme his holy name. The amazing thing in redemptive religion is that in this is love. Not that we love God, but that he loved us and sent his son to be the propitiation for our sins. Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. You see that? Great theology as the basis and foundation for our love for one another. You've got to get this out of your mind, that theology and those terms and the study of those technical things are only for a select few in the church. That's foolishness. That's satanic. That's ungodly. You need to examine these things. You need to see the richness of the vocabulary used, and you need to appreciate how God has communicated His great love for us. So the activity of the Son is the propitiation for sinners. The means of accomplishment is by His blood. It took the death of the Son of God to save us from our sins. Ye who think of sin but lightly, here its guilt may estimate. Here at Calvary, you can really see what God thinks about sin. It pleased the Lord, Isaiah the prophet says, to put him to grief. It pleased the Lord to bruise him or to crush him, as the New American Standard captures it. It pleased the Lord to do this. in the effective accomplishment of propitiation by his blood again, the instrument of appropriation through faith. See, Paul won't let you stop remembering this. It's not by words. Every time that Paul says, by faith, he is excluding human effort. He is excluding human works. He is excluding any entitlement that a sinner may think he has in his acceptance with God. It is solely and alone through faith in Jesus Christ, the Lord. In verse 21, the righteousness of God is received through faith in Jesus Christ. In verse 24, justification and redemption are through faith in Christ. And here in verse 25, this propitiation by His blood is through faith. And then thirdly and finally, notice the demonstration of righteousness. Verse 25, to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed. Now, this is a bit of a tricky statement, just a cursory reading, or just a sort of a brief look in a short message prior to taking the Lord's Supper. But here's what we need to appreciate. I alluded to this this morning. When you look at the cross, think mercy. And you look at the cross, think love, right? If I asked you, how does the cross declare love? You'd say, John 3, 16, God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son. Was that just the giving into this world? Yes, but that also involved or included his being delivered up for the sins of his people. So the cross publishes the love of God. The cross publishes the mercy of God. The cross publishes the grace of God. The Psalter says that mercy and truth, they kiss here. The cross is a multifaceted communication of God's glorious majesty. And in this particular section, Paul is intent to demonstrate or to show that the cross demonstrates God's righteousness. He is at pains to describe how in this economy, where one suffers for the many, the righteousness of God is upheld. He is at pains to demonstrate that God is not relaxed, that God is not now grating on a curve, that God is not now somehow winked and turned his eye the other way. That's the point in this particular section. The cross is a vindication of God in that he there demonstrated his great love for sinners to be sure, but there he demonstrates his righteousness in forgiving sinners. both in the old covenant and in the new. That's what it means when he says to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance, God had passed over the sins that were previously committed. See, someone could scratch their head and say, well, what about Abel? How did he get to have? What about Isaac? What about Abraham? Did God just pass over their sins? What we need to remember, forbearance does not mean forgiveness. God received them into glory based on the work of the Lord Jesus Christ. God knew that Christ was coming. God knew that he was the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. God knew he would justify men in this particular way. Far from the cross relaxing God's standard, it upholds it in the death of the Redeemer for the redeemed. God, in his forbearance, passed over the sins that were previously committed. Turn over to Hebrews 9. I think you'll see this a bit illustrated there. Hebrews chapter 9. Specifically, in verse fifteen, and for this reason, Christ is the mediator of the new covenant by means of death for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. So what Paul is saying, in essence, is that the cross casts its benefit forward, covers But it also cast its benefit, at least historically, backward. It covered all of those saints in the Old Testament. They were all justified by grace alone, through faith alone, in the same Christ alone. God didn't relax, God didn't let down, God didn't sacrifice rather his righteousness, but rather the cross publishes that righteousness. Notice in verse 26 of chapter 3, it says to demonstrate at the present time, his righteousness, that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. John Murray says, in the provisions of propitiation, two things cohere and coalesce, the justice of God and the justification of the sinner. I don't feel like I did this due justice So if you want to talk to me afterwards, I'll probably point you. I don't see any up there. Martin Lloyd Jones is a little treatment. The cross, the vindication of God explains this section beautifully. But suffice it to say what Paul is here at pains to display is that God at the cross is not relaxed. God at the cross has not lowered the bar. God at the cross has provided a way where he may be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus Christ. Christ's mission was not to abolish, but rather to fulfill the law. Christ's mission was not to downplay the law. Christ's mission was to carry it out perfectly, and Christ's mission was to die as a substitute, as a sacrifice, so that we might have redemption and propitiation through his blood. The cross answers everything. In this particular passage, the issue is the wrath of God upon sinful men. Christ at the cross took the wrath on behalf of his people. It's a beautiful statement there in verses 25 and 26. Never forget this. The cross publishes something. of God's righteousness. It publishes something of God's perfection, and as we study that cross, it ought to encourage us that Christ fulfilled those righteous demands of the Father so that God might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Well, brethren, as we look summarily at this, A couple of things that I think we ought to focus on, and then we close. The first is that we are justly liable to God's wrath. And when we have been set free from that, when we have been freed from the fury and anger of God Most High, I hope that makes us a happy people. I hope that as we sing, as we pray, as we worship, as we come to the Lord's Supper, as we eat this bread and we drink this cup, we remember the Lord's death in this particular aspect, that he removed the wrath of God from us. It's a beautiful thing. The Bible, Robert Raymond says, plainly teaches the doctrine of the wrath of God. It teaches that God is angry with the sinner. You've heard that, God hates the sin, but he loves the sinner. Not according to the Bible. God hates the sinner, according to Psalm 5. And according to Romans 5. You say, where does it say that in Romans 5? Paul speaks about enmity that exists between God and men. And in Romans 5, it's not that God is our enemy. In Romans 5, it's that we're God's enemy. God reconciled us while we were still enemies. God reconciled us. You see, you can't forget that. We are justly liable to the punishment of God. It teaches that God is angry with the sinner and that His holy outrage against the sinner must be assuaged if the sinner is to escape His due punishment. It is for this reason that a death occurred at Calvary. When we look at Calvary and behold the Savior dying for us, we should see in his death not first our salvation, but our damnation being born and carried away by him. Christ satisfies the full wrath and fury of God for all of his people. We need to focus as well, as we run through these passages, the glorious work of Jesus Christ. His work answers to everything. We're in bondage. He redeems us. We're liable to the wrath of God. He propitiates that wrath. We are at enmity with God. He reconciles us. The Son reconciles the Father and the children together again. We need justification. Christ accomplishes it. We need sanctification. Christ accomplishes it. We want, we stand in need of everything. Christ answers to all of it. It's a multifaceted work. We need to study the Bible so that we can understand these things. And hopefully it will enlarge our hearts in worship and praise. I'm not saying this. I want you guys to all learn these, these, these terms saying, well, when arguments with Arminians. You know, your Arminian neighbor, your friend that believes in free will, go over there and you just let them have it. You know, this should promote worship. This should promote doxology. This should promote praise and adoration when you contemplate what God in Christ has done on our behalf. And if you are not a Christian tonight, it is not by taking the bread and drinking the cup. It is by taking Jesus as He is offered in the gospel through faith. That's where the stress falls in Romans 3, 21, all the way to 26. All the way through chapter 4 is faith. Faith in Christ. Believe on Christ. Look to Christ. Just as Moses lifted up that serpent out in the wilderness, they looked and they lived. It's the same thing in the gospel. Christ has been lifted up. Live and live. I love what Murray says with reference to justification. It is, or faith is, extra-spective. It's not introspective, it's not looking at what we do and what we accomplish. But the man of faith is extraspective. He's looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, despised the shame and sat down at the right hand of the majesty on high. So tonight, if you are not a Christian, do not take bread and wine thinking that they will accomplish that task. Take Christ. Believe on Jesus. Eat his flesh, drink his blood. In the context of John 6 there, he means believe the gospel. Augustine, the father, he said, when we believe, we have eaten. When we believe, we have eaten. So taste and see that the Lord is good, come in faith, and he will in no wise cast you out. Well, let us pray. Father, we thank you for your word, and we thank you for what the cross tells us concerning your character. We thank you for your grace and your mercy and your love. We thank you for your kindness and your goodness. And we thank you for your justice and your righteousness and that the cross satisfied all the demands of your holiness. Father, how we praise you for Jesus, who is our redemption, for Jesus, who is our propitiation. And we are jealous, Father, and desirous that others would know this great news as well. We pray tonight for any and all who are here that do not know Christ, that you would work a work in their hearts, that you would cause them to look to Christ, to believe the gospel and to be saved. And we thank you, Father, for your graciousness to us. And we just praise you now through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
