Theological term
Moral Law
114 sermons · All terms
The Regulative Principle of Worship
The regulative principle of worship holds that only what God explicitly commands in Scripture is acceptable in corporate worship — nothing may be added, altered, or subtracted. This sermon works through the Old Testament foundation of that principle, tracing the divine appointment of worship through the moral law of Exodus 20, the ceremonial law governing the tabernacle and priesthood, and the stark warning of Deuteronomy 12:32. The contrast between Nadab and Abihu's condemned "strange fire" and the fire of divine approval in Leviticus 9 illustrates that God judges the manner of worship, not only its object. The congregation is exhorted to approach the living God obediently rather than creatively, recognizing that the same consuming fire who regulated Old Covenant worship governs New Covenant worship unchanged.
Ask FGBC - Podcast with Jim Butler, Dr James Renihan, Dr Richard Barcellos
This roundtable conversation between three pastors and theologians addresses a wide range of questions submitted by church members, covering biblical theology, covenant theology, baptism, eschatology, and Christian living. The discussion moves from how Christ fulfills Old Testament Israel, through the covenantal basis for believers' baptism, to the nature of the eternal state, the hermeneutics of applying Old Testament promises, the place of ethnic Israel in relation to the church, and the means of grace for raising covenant children. Throughout, the speakers return to a consistent Reformed hermeneutic: Christ is the true and greater fulfillment of all Old Testament promise, the church is the eschatological Israel of prophetic expectation, and the ordinary means of grace — Word, prayer, and faithful worship — remain God's appointed instruments for the conversion and nurture of his people.
The Promise of Blessings and Curses (Part 1)
Leviticus 26:1–13 opens with a promise of blessing conditioned on Israel's obedience — a structure that raises the question of how the Old Covenant relates to the New. This study expounds the covenantal framework underlying Leviticus 26, arguing that the Old Covenant operated as a covenant of works at the national level, distinct from the covenant of grace realized in Christ. The blessings of rain, peace, and God's presence promised to Israel find their fulfillment in the New Covenant, where the obedience that secures blessing is Christ's own, imputed to his people by faith alone.
The Feasts of the Lord
Leviticus 23 sets before Israel a calendar of holy convocations — the weekly Sabbath, the spring feasts of Passover, Unleavened Bread, and Weeks, and the fall feasts of Trumpets, Atonement, and Tabernacles — all commanded by God as the covenant head of his people. These feasts served to remind Israel of their redemptive history, promote joy and community, encourage charity, deter idolatry, and provide rest. As ceremonial law, they were typological ordinances pointing forward to Christ, and their perpetuity was covenantally conditioned: with the inauguration of the New Covenant, Christ abrogated them. The weekly Sabbath, however, rests on moral law grounded in creation and redemption and remains binding on the New Covenant people of God, who are called to observe the Lord's Day — not the Old Covenant feasts — as the appointed time for corporate worship.
Holiness in the Daily Lives of Old Covenant Israel
Leviticus 19:19–37 presents a series of miscellaneous laws governing mixed breeding, pagan practices, sacred prostitution, necromancy, care for the elderly and the stranger, and fair trade — all set within the covenant calling of Israel to be holy as God is holy. These laws are classified under the threefold Reformed distinction of moral, ceremonial, and judicial law, with the ceremonial portions fulfilled and abrogated in Christ while their embedded moral duties remain, traceable to the Ten Commandments. The passage is expounded to show that Israel's separation from surrounding nations was not arbitrary but theologically grounded in God's own act of separating Israel as his covenant people. The enduring application is that the law's pedagogical function — exposing sin and driving the people to the Lamb of God — is as operative for the New Covenant believer as it was for ancient Israel.
Love your neighbour
Leviticus 19:9–18 sets out the concrete shape of neighborly love within the covenant community of Israel — not as sentiment, but as law. Working through gleaning regulations, prohibitions against theft, lying, exploitation, and a corrupt judiciary, the passage demonstrates that to love one's neighbor is to refrain from every breach of the second table of the Decalogue. The sermon shows that Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount and Paul in Romans 13 do not improve upon Moses but confirm what the moral law of God has always demanded: that love is the fulfilment of the law, and hatred of a brother is always a sixth-commandment violation.
Wednesday Bible Study - Oct 18, 2023
Leviticus 19 opens the Holiness Code's application to individual, family, and social conduct, demanding that God's covenant people be holy as he is holy. Working through verses 1–18, this study traces four overlapping imperatives: the pursuit of holiness as separation unto God, reverence for parents as the foundational social structure, sabbatarianism as a trans-covenantal moral obligation grounded in creation and redemption, and the prohibition of idolatry as covenant fidelity. The New Covenant application is drawn throughout — holiness, the fifth commandment, the Lord's Day, and the rejection of false worship all bind the blood-bought, Spirit-filled church with the same authority they carried in Israel, though the ceremonial forms have been fulfilled and set aside in Christ.
Wednesday Night Bible Study - Leviticus 1-16
Leviticus 16, the Day of Atonement, stands at the theological center of both the book and the Pentateuch, answering the question Exodus leaves unresolved: how may sinful man enter the presence of a holy God. This session reviews the whole of Leviticus 1–16, tracing the book's structure from the sacrificial system and the institution of the priesthood through the laws of cleanness, showing that every element of the ceremonial apparatus — offering, priest, atonement — was divinely instituted, not humanly devised. The Nadab and Abihu incident demonstrates that unauthorized worship is mortal transgression, while the two-goat ritual of chapter 16 pictures both propitiation and expiation, all pointing forward to the once-for-all sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Introduction to the Book of Leviticus
The book of Leviticus resolves a theological tension created at the close of Exodus: the tabernacle has become God's dwelling place, but no Israelite — not even Moses — can enter it. This introductory exposition surveys Leviticus 1:1 and the book as a whole, tracing three dominant theological themes: the holiness of God, the sacrificial system as God's own provision for sinful man's access to His presence, and the purity required of His covenant people. The Levitical types find their antitypes in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is simultaneously the high priest and the sacrificial victim, and whose atoning work is the substance toward which the entire ceremonial law pointed.
Renewal of the Covenant, Part II
Exodus 34:10–35 records God's renewal of the Mosaic covenant with Israel following the golden calf apostasy of chapter 32. The passage demonstrates that the divine attributes proclaimed in verses 6–7 — mercy, grace, long-suffering, and abounding goodness — are not merely stated but actively exhibited in God's willingness to restore a covenant his people had shattered. The sermon works through three sections: the covenant renewed (vv. 10–28), with its prohibitions against religious, social, and political alliances with Canaanite nations; and the reflection of God's glory on Moses' face (vv. 29–35), which Paul's argument in 2 Corinthians 3 sets within the larger framework of old covenant and new covenant glory. The central application is that the same perfections God displayed toward covenant-breaking Israel are the perfections believers now experience in the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, whose new covenant ministry of righteousness far exceeds the fading glory of Moses.
Instructions Concerning Tabernacle, Part II
The tabernacle legislation of Exodus 25–31 is not merely an ancient architectural blueprint but a revelation of God's covenantal purpose to dwell among his redeemed people — a theme that runs from Eden through Ephesians to the new Jerusalem. This overview of the tabernacle's structure, furnishings, priesthood, and Sabbath legislation draws out three lessons: the importance of the legislation, the necessity of compliance with it, and the blessing it conveys in showing God's nearness to sinners. The sermon closes by grounding the regulative principle of worship in the continuity of God's character across both covenants, while acknowledging the ceremonial law's fulfillment in Christ.
The Sanctuary and Ark of the Testimony
Exodus 25:1–22 opens the third major division of Exodus — the dwelling of God among his redeemed people — which the sermon argues is the climax of the entire book. Working through the offerings for the tabernacle, the purpose of the sanctuary, and the construction and function of the ark, the exposition traces how God's intent to dwell with Israel typologically anticipates the new covenant reality secured by Christ, the great high priest and true mercy seat. The regulative principle of worship is grounded exegetically in God's precise prescriptions for the tabernacle and applied to New Covenant church practice. Hearers are called to count corporate worship a privilege and to approach God only in the manner he has commanded in Holy Scripture.
The Sixth Commandment
Exodus 20:13 — 'You shall not murder' — receives a full exposition covering the Hebrew term ratza, the threefold division of law, the three uses of the law, the internal dimensions of the commandment, the three biblically warranted exceptions to the prohibition against killing, and the theological foundation of all human life in the imago Dei. The sermon moves from careful lexical and exegetical analysis to a sustained application across abortion, capital punishment, just war, self-defense, and the protection of every stage of human life from womb to grave. Hearers are called to pray for civil government, preach the law as a tutor to the cross, and hold fast to a biblical anthropology in a culture that systematically devalues image-bearers of God.
The Ratification of the Covenant, Part II
Exodus 24:9–18 concludes the ratification of the Mosaic covenant and introduces Moses' solitary ascent to receive the Decalogue inscribed by God. The passage raises the theological question of how sinful, finite creatures can see the invisible God — answered through the category of theophany, a creaturely manifestation of divine glory that does not expose God's essential being. The covenant meal of verse 11 seals the bond between God and Israel, while Moses' charge to Aaron and Hur underscores the necessity of law and legal structure given the persistent sinfulness of man. The passage closes the 'demand' section of Exodus and opens toward the 'dwelling' section, whose pinnacle is God's desire to tabernacle in the midst of his people.
The Sabbaths and Annual Feasts
Exodus 23:10–19 legislates two kinds of Sabbath and three annual feasts within the Book of the Covenant, each designed to order Israel's life around the worship of Yahweh alone. The seven-year land Sabbath provided for the poor and beasts through a system of crop rotation, while the seventh-day Sabbath — whose moral principle is perpetual and now observed on the first day of the week in the new covenant — extended its restorative benefit to every member of the community, including servants and resident aliens. The three annual feasts (Unleavened Bread, Harvest/Weeks, Ingathering) were not merely ceremonial obligations but instruments for rehearsing redemptive history, promoting communal joy and reciprocity, and guarding the covenant people from idolatry. As judicial and ceremonial laws, these specific institutions have expired with Old Covenant Israel, yet their general equity and the moral principle of Sabbath rest continue to bind the new covenant community.
A Defense of Self-Defense
Matthew 5:38–42, the fourth antithesis of the Sermon on the Mount, is frequently invoked to condemn self-defense, capital punishment, and military service — yet a careful reading reveals that Jesus is not contradicting the lex talionis of the Mosaic civil code but rather correcting the Pharisaic habit of applying that courtroom principle to personal, day-to-day relationships. The contrast is not Jesus versus Moses but Jesus versus bad hermeneutics: what the civil magistrate is authorized to do with the sword (Romans 13:1–4) stands entirely intact, and Exodus 22:2–3's legitimization of self-defense is nowhere repealed. The sermon works through Jesus' four illustrations — insult, property disputes, conscription, and benevolence — to show that Christ is calling his disciples to a disposition of patience and forbearance in ordinary life, not to a pacifism that would render them incapable of functioning in civil society.
The Laws Concerning Homicide and Bodily Injury, Part 2
Exodus 21:22–32 contains Israel's civil laws governing bodily injury to a pregnant woman, the discipline of servants, and liability for a goring ox — all concrete applications of the sixth commandment. The passage's language for premature birth employs the same Hebrew vocabulary used elsewhere in Genesis for childbirth, establishing that both mother and child (or children) are protected persons under the law, which the sermon applies directly to the ethics of abortion. The lex talionis (life for life, eye for eye) is examined not as a mandate for literal replication of injury but as a principle requiring proportionate punishment — neither too lenient nor excessive — a standard grounded in the dignity of every person as an image bearer of God.
Live Stream - September 25, 2022
Ephesians 2:14–18 presents Christ as the one who is our peace, who makes peace, and who preaches peace — accomplishing the reconciliation of both Jews and Gentiles to God through the blood of his cross. The abolition of the ceremonial law removes the middle wall of separation between the two peoples, creating one new man in Christ without distinction of privilege or standing before God. Access to the Father through the Son by one Spirit is inherently trinitarian, and the corporate assembly of God's people is the apex of that New Covenant blessing — making unexplained absence from gathered worship a forfeiture of the very Redemptive benefits Christ secured.
2LCF Chapter 19 - Of the Law of God, Part II
The moral law of God — given to Adam at creation, codified at Sinai in the Ten Commandments, and written on the hearts of New Covenant believers — perpetually binds all people everywhere, justified and unjustified alike, by virtue of God's authority as Creator. This study of 2LCF Chapter 19, paragraphs 5–7, works through 1 Timothy 1:8–10 to distinguish the three uses of the law (civil, pedagogical, and normative) and expounds Jeremiah 31, Matthew 5, Romans 3, Romans 6, Galatians 3, Romans 13, and Ephesians 6 to demonstrate that Christ and the gospel do not dissolve but rather strengthen the law's obligation. The session exposes the errors of dispensationalism and antinomianism, showing that the Spirit of Christ enables believers to obey freely and cheerfully the very law that condemns the unbeliever. The application presses Christians to declare God's law publicly — to believers for sanctification and to unbelievers for conviction — never separating law from gospel in proclamation.
2LCF Chapter 19 - Of the Law of God
The law of God — its origin, divisions, and enduring obligations — is examined through 2LCF Chapter 19, tracing the moral law from its inscription on Adam's heart in the garden through its codification at Sinai and into the life of the justified believer. The confession distinguishes three categories of Mosaic law: the perpetually binding moral law, the abrogated ceremonial law, and the expired judicial law whose general equity retains moral usefulness. A sustained argument from Galatians demonstrates that the law's demand is personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience — a standard no sinner meets — establishing the absolute necessity of justification by faith alone in Christ alone. The session closes with Machen's warning that a low view of the law produces legalism rather than grace, pressing the congregation to preach the Decalogue faithfully so that sinners see their need for the Savior.
The Law Concerning Servants
Exodus 21:1–11 opens what is commonly called the Book of the Covenant, the concrete judicial application of the Ten Commandments to Israel's civil life. The sermon situates this passage within the threefold division of the law — moral, ceremonial, and judicial — explaining why the judicial law expired with the Israelite commonwealth while its general equity retains moral use, and why the theonomic demand that modern civil magistrates enforce the Mosaic penal code lacks New Testament warrant. Working through three features of the law concerning servants — the limitation on service, the acquisition of a family during service, and the protection of female servants — the sermon argues that far from being barbaric, these laws reveal God's wisdom and kindness in restraining exploitation and protecting the vulnerable in a post-fall world.
Epilogue to the Decalogue
Deuteronomy 5:22 supplies a concise epilogue to the Decalogue, highlighting the divine origin, absolute authority, comprehensive character, and finality of God's moral law — a law that is trans-covenantal and binding on all men everywhere. Working through Exodus 20:18–26, this exposition examines Israel's terrified response to Sinai's theophany, Moses's distinction between slavish fear and filial fear of God, and the protocols for the altar that bridge the giving of the law to the detailed judicial legislation of chapters 21–23. The threefold division of the law — moral, ceremonial, and judicial — is defended against dispensationalist revision, with the 1689 LBCF chapter 19 paragraph 5 cited as the correct Reformed statement of the moral law's perpetuity. The sermon closes by calling believers to a filial fear of God as the most fundamental restraint against sin, and to gratitude that Christ, as the true Israel, perfectly kept the law his people swore and failed to keep.
The Greatest Commandments
Matthew 22:34–40 records a Pharisaic lawyer testing Jesus with the question of which commandment is greatest. Jesus answers by citing the Shema from Deuteronomy 6:4–5 and the neighbor-love command from Leviticus 19:18, thereby summarizing the entire Decalogue under two heads: love to God and love to man. This sermon argues that Christ's endorsement of these two commandments confirms the abiding validity of the moral law for New Covenant believers, who are called to keep it not as a means of justification but as the Spirit-wrought response of those already justified by faith alone. The hearer is pressed to recognize that the law's demand — to love God with the whole self and the neighbor as oneself — drives the believer perpetually to Christ, in whom alone that demand has been perfectly met.
Wednesday Night Bible Study (Feb 23, 2022) - 4th Commandment, Part V
This concluding session on the Fourth Commandment (Exodus 20:8-11) surveys the entire biblical-theological arc from creation through the new covenant, demonstrating that the weekly sabbath is a perpetual moral obligation rooted in creation and redemption, not a ceremonial shadow abolished at the cross. The lecture reviews the progression from Genesis 2, Exodus 16, and Sinai through the prophets, the ministry of Christ, apostolic practice, and Hebrews 4, before working through the 1689 LBCF chapter 22, paragraphs 7 and 8, on the Christian sabbath. Application addresses the threefold use of the law with respect to sabbath, answers objections from alleged anti-sabbatarian texts in Romans 14, Galatians 4, and Colossians 2, and closes by grounding sabbath keeping in the active obedience of Christ imputed to believers.
The 4th Commandment (Part 3)
The Christian Sabbath is grounded in both creation and redemption, and the New Testament establishes Sunday — the Lord's Day — as the day of corporate worship by precedent and pattern rather than by bare precept. This third installment in a study of the Fourth Commandment examines three apostolic texts (Acts 20:7, 1 Corinthians 16:1–2, Revelation 1:10) that demonstrate the early church's practice of gathering on the first day of the week, then turns to two alleged anti-Sabbatarian passages (Romans 14 and Galatians 5) to show that neither addresses the weekly Sabbath but rather deals with Jewish calendar observances and the question of justification by works. The moral principle of one day in seven set apart for God remains binding on New Covenant believers, while the positive law has lawfully shifted the day from Saturday to Sunday in light of Christ's resurrection.
The 4th Commandment (Part 2)
The fourth commandment's demand for Sabbath observance does not dissolve at the close of the Old Covenant; it runs through redemptive history and finds its New Covenant expression in the Lord's Day. Working through Matthew 5, Matthew 12, and Hebrews 4, this sermon argues that Christ upheld the moral law in both doctrine and practice, that his resurrection on the first day of the week grounds the shift from Saturday to Sunday, and that Hebrews 4:9's use of 'sabbatismos' constitutes a positive, unequivocal New Testament Sabbath ordinance for the people of God. The moral principle — one day in seven set apart for worship — is trans-covenantal; only its ceremonial aspect, the specific day, is conditioned by the covenant one inhabits. Believers are called to approach the Lord's Day not as a burden but as a gift that functions as a weekly foretaste and down payment of the eternal rest secured by Christ's finished work.
2LCF Chapter 22 - Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day, Part 1
The fourth commandment, 'Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy' (Exodus 20:8–11), is grounded not in Mosaic legislation alone but in the creational ordinance of Genesis 2:1–3, where God's sabbathing after six days of work establishes the one-in-seven pattern binding upon all his image-bearers. The Deuteronomy 5 parallel adds redemption alongside creation as a second rationale, and these twin foundations carry into the New Covenant. Surveying Genesis 2–4, Exodus 16, Mark 2, Isaiah 56 and 58, and Jeremiah 31, this exposition demonstrates the trans-covenantal utility of the Decalogue and argues that the Sabbath is not a burdensome restriction but a gracious gift through which God's people enter into fellowship with their Creator.
The Seventh Commandment
The seventh commandment, 'You shall not commit adultery' (Deuteronomy 5:18), governs not merely the act of adultery but the full range of sexual conduct God defines in Scripture. Preached against the backdrop of Canada's Bill C-4, this sermon grounds sexual ethics in the creation order of Genesis 2, expounds twelve prohibited acts — from adultery and fornication through homosexuality, transgenderism, and pornography — and confronts the state's attempt to criminalise biblical teaching on sexuality. The law is preached so that sinners will see their need for Christ, whose blood alone washes, sanctifies, and justifies those who come to Him in faith.
December 1, 2021 - Wednesday Night Bible Study - Exodus 20:1-3 (1st Commandment)
Exodus 20:3 — 'You shall have no other gods before me' — is expounded through both its prohibitions and its positive demands. The first commandment condemns atheism, polytheism, syncretism, idolatry, sorcery, and heresy, while positively requiring the knowledge, love, fear, obedience, trust, and worship of the one true and living God alone. The sermon draws on Romans 1:18-32 to show that ungodliness — disordered thinking about God — is the root from which all societal unrighteousness springs. The sermon closes with a call to repentance, to flee to Christ as the remedy for every violation of this commandment, and to cultivate the knowledge of God as the chief guard against idolatry in its ancient and modern forms.
Introduction to the Decalogue
Exodus 20:1–2, the preface to the Decalogue, reveals God as the sovereign Lawgiver who redeems before He commands — a pattern in which grace precedes obligation that runs from Sinai through the new covenant. The sermon examines three classical uses of the Ten Commandments (civil, pedagogical, and normative) and the threefold division of the law (moral, ceremonial, judicial), demonstrating that the moral law alone abides in its full binding force for all people and all ages. Believers are not justified by the law but are directed by it as the objective standard of sanctification, so that love for God and neighbor is never left undefined or sentimental.