Theological term
Imputation
654 sermons · All terms
The 5th Petition: Forgiveness
What does it mean to pray 'forgive us our debts' when the believer has already been justified by faith alone? This exposition of Matthew 6:12 and 14–15 distinguishes between God's forensic pardon of the sinner and the ongoing filial forgiveness a child of God seeks from his Father in the life of sanctification. Six reasons are given for the necessity of this daily petition — remaining corruption, desire for the smile of God, consciousness of sin's evil, trust in divine mercy, renunciation of self-righteousness, and acknowledgment of Christ's sufficient atonement. The sermon closes by pressing the inseparable link between receiving forgiveness and extending it: an unforgiving spirit that approaches God for pardon is a form of hypocrisy, while those who freely forgive others give evidence that sovereign grace has genuinely worked in their hearts.
The Basis for the Believer's Forgiveness
What is the basis upon which God forgives the believer's sins? This sermon works through a chain of Old and New Testament texts — from the protoevangelium of Genesis 3:15 through Isaiah 53, Matthew 26, Romans 4, Ephesians 1, Hebrews 7, and Revelation 5 — to establish that the sole ground of the believer's forgiveness is the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, not the believer's own act of forgiving others. The fifth petition of the Lord's Prayer ('forgive us our debts') presupposes this finished, objective atonement; forgiving others is its fruit and sign, not its cause. The sermon closes at the Lord's Supper with a call to trust Christ alone and a doxological meditation on penal substitution as the basis of every pardon God grants.
The Tenth Commandment
The Tenth Commandment — 'You shall not covet' — reaches past external conduct to regulate the intentions and desires of the heart, exposing sins that civil law cannot punish and that no amount of outward morality can conceal. This exposition of Deuteronomy 5:21 identifies three things the commandment prohibits — inordinate desire, discontentedness, and envy — and then establishes the theological reason for the prohibition: covetousness is idolatry, bringing the Decalogue full circle from the First Commandment back to itself. Nine positive helps for mortifying covetousness are set forth, culminating in the active obedience of Christ imputed to believers — the only ground of hope for those whom this commandment finds out.
The Preface to the Lord's Prayer
What does it mean to address God as 'Our Father in heaven' before a single petition is spoken? This sermon on Matthew 6:9 argues that the preface to the Lord's Prayer is not a formality but a theological foundation: the invocation shapes the entire posture of prayer. Six truths embedded in the two words 'Our Father' are examined — that God is personal, gracious, hearing, caring, loving, and alone to be addressed — followed by two truths in the phrase 'in heaven': that God is transcendent and omnipotent. The sermon closes with a pointed call to examine whether one can honestly pray 'Our Father' at all, since access to the Father comes only through faith in the Son.
The Object of Christian Boasting
Galatians 6:14–15 presents Paul's absolute refusal to boast in anything except the cross of Christ, set against the Judaizers who boasted in circumcision and religious accomplishment. This sermon expounds the cross as both the object of Christian boasting and the ground of a comprehensive covenantal transformation — the death of the old world order and the inauguration of new creation in Christ. The sermon moves from the subjective experience of dying to the world's pleasures and religious merits, to the objective reality that God in Christ has ushered in a new age through the finished work at Calvary. Hearers are called to examine what they would say on the day of judgment, for that answer reveals the present object of their boasting.
True and False Religion: Almsgiving
Matthew 6:1–4 expounds the general principle governing all acts of Christian piety: deeds of righteousness are corrupted not by their practice but by the motive of seeking human approval. Christ assumes that His redeemed people will give alms, but He warns that charitable deeds performed to secure the praise of men constitute a completed transaction — the hypocrite receives his reward in full and forfeits the approval of God. The positive instruction calls for a secrecy so thorough that the believer guards against self-congratulation, resting in the promise that the Father who sees in secret will reward openly. The sermon grounds the call to cheerful, hidden generosity in the supreme act of almsgiving: Christ leaving the riches of heaven to become poor, that sinners through His poverty might become rich.
The Motivation Behind False Religion
Galatians 6:11–13 exposes the threefold motivation driving those who distort the gospel by adding law-keeping to faith as a condition of justification. The Judaizers pursued circumcision adherents to make a good showing in the flesh, to escape the persecution that the exclusive claims of the cross inevitably provoke, and to boast in the numbers of their converts — all motivations rooted in the externals of religion rather than in the finished work of Christ. Paul's polemic against this Judaizing tendency applies equally to Rome and to any system that mingles law and grace, for to mingle them is to end with neither. The sermon calls believers to boast in the cross of Christ alone and confronts the unconverted with the impossibility of rendering the personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience God demands.
The Law of Love
Matthew 5:43–48 contains the sixth and final antithesis of the Sermon on the Mount, in which Christ corrects the Pharisaic addition 'hate your enemy' — a phrase found nowhere in Scripture — and restores the full demand of the moral law: love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who persecute you. Christ is not introducing new legislation but faithfully expounding the eternal righteousness of the Father, whose law always required love even toward enemies, as texts from Exodus, Leviticus, Proverbs, and Job demonstrate. The sermon traces the contrast between true law and scribal distortion, the three positive duties of love, the theological ground of sonship in reflecting the Father's common grace, and the summary call to perfection — which ultimately drives the believer to the cross and to the imputed righteousness of Christ who alone satisfied these demands perfectly. Kingdom citizens are not bare-minimum disciples but are called, by the Spirit's enabling, to embody an ethic that distinguishes them entirely from tax collectors and pagans.
The Seventh Commandment, Part 2
Matthew 5:31–32 sits within Jesus' exposition of the Seventh Commandment, where He corrects not the Mosaic legislation of Deuteronomy 24 but the Pharisaic distortion of it that permitted divorce for virtually any cause. The sermon argues that Jesus' exception clause — 'except for porneia' — establishes sexual immorality as the one lawful ground for divorce, and that the final clause of verse 32 ('whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery') must be read as applying only to unlawfully divorced women, not as a universal prohibition on all remarriage after any divorce. Deuteronomy 24:1–4 is examined at length to demonstrate that remarriage after a lawful divorce was never treated as adultery under the Mosaic economy — a point confirmed by the death penalty for adultery in Leviticus 20 and Deuteronomy 22. The sermon closes with pastoral implications: upholding the sanctity of marriage as a creation ordinance, extending genuine gospel mercy to those who have sinned or been sinned against in divorce, and calling God's people to fidelity that surpasses the world's standards.
Christ our Confidence
Philippians 3:4–9 contains what the Apostle Paul presents as a death blow to works-righteousness: his own autobiography deployed as a hypothetical argument that demolishes confidence in the flesh. Paul demonstrates that if Jewish ethnicity, religious pedigree, and meticulous law-keeping could merit standing before God, he would be the undisputed champion — yet he counts every such credential as rubbish compared to the surpassing worth of knowing Christ. The righteousness that justifies is not one's own; it comes from God through faith, grounded in the imputed obedience of Christ and received by union with him. Hearers are called to rest confidence solely in Christ, to let good works flow from the fount of an already-declared righteousness rather than from any attempt to earn divine favor, and to be zealous in guarding this truth against every form of works-righteousness.
The Seventh Commandment, Part 1
Matthew 5:27–30 expounds the seventh commandment, not as new legislation from Christ, but as Christ's faithful exposition of what the law of God has always demanded. Against the Pharisaic reduction of the commandment to its outward, physical expression, Jesus establishes that sinful lust in the heart already constitutes adultery, since God's moral law has always searched the inner man. The sermon traces the eternal and temporal consequences of sexual sin, calls hearers to radical mortification of sin in the manner of verses 29–30, and presses both saint and sinner to seek pardon and righteousness in Christ alone.
The New Covenant
Jeremiah 31:31–34 contains the Old Testament's sole explicit use of the phrase 'new covenant,' and this sermon expounds its announcement, essential features, and fulfillment in Christ. Against the backdrop of Judah's covenant-breaking idolatry, God promises a covenant that is unbreakable, one that internalizes his moral law, grants saving knowledge of himself, and secures the definitive forgiveness of sin. The Hebrews quotation of Jeremiah 31 and Christ's own words at the Last Supper confirm that this covenant finds its ratification in the blood of Jesus, the surety and mediator of a better covenant. The sermon closes by drawing out the Reformed Baptist implication that new covenant membership — marked uniformly by regeneration, law-internalization, knowledge of God, and forgiveness — necessarily implies believers' baptism, and by calling the unconverted to seek that fountain open for sin and uncleanness.
The Battle Hymn of His Christocracy
Revelation 19:11–16 presents Christ not as the meek figure of popular sentimentality but as the sovereign warrior king who rides in righteousness to judge and conquer his enemies. This sermon traces four aspects of the vision: the grace and general theme of the opening, the five disclosed attributes of the champion (divine omniscience, conquering prowess, exclusive ownership of the messianic office, wholesome severity, and impeccable execution as the Word of God), the identity of his battle company as the saints clothed in Christ's righteousness, and the fourfold greatness of his conquest — the sword of his word, the rod of iron, the treading of the winepress, and the supreme title King of Kings and Lord of Lords. The application presses two questions: whether the church proclaims this full-orbed Christ or a diminished caricature, and whose side the hearer will stand on when that rider comes.
The Most Important Question
Psalm 119:9 asks what is in fact the most important question any person can face: how can a sinner cleanse his way before a holy God? The sermon establishes total depravity as the unavoidable presupposition of the question — every person, from infancy, stands in need of cleansing — before setting forth the Word of God as God's own appointed answer, which furnishes both justification through the imputed righteousness of Christ received by faith alone and ongoing sanctification by the Spirit through that same Word. Drawing on the psalmist's own eightfold example in verses 9–16, the sermon calls hearers to obedience, whole-hearted seeking, Scripture memorization, dependence on divine instruction, witness, joy, meditation, and holy determination — all while ending where the psalm ends: casting oneself as a straying sheep upon the seeking, saving grace of God in Christ.
The Ark of God Captured
Israel's defeat at the hands of the Philistines in 1 Samuel 4–5 exposes a perennial temptation: treating God as a mechanism to be manipulated rather than a sovereign to be obeyed. The elders of Israel asked the right question — 'Why has the Lord defeated us?' — but gave the wrong answer, fetching the Ark of the Covenant as a lucky charm rather than humbling themselves in repentance. God refused to be controlled, fulfilled His word of judgment against the corrupt priests Hophni and Phinehas, and then demonstrated His supremacy over the Philistine god Dagon without any help from Israel. The sermon closes with a call to approach God not by religious technique or formulaic bargaining, but through Christ alone, in humble obedience, trusting Him with outcomes.
The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
John 19:16–24 records the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in restrained, theologically dense prose. This exposition works through four considerations — the setting at Golgotha, the act of crucifixion itself, the title Pilate affixed to the cross, and the casting of lots for Christ's garments — demonstrating that every detail fulfills prior Scripture and flows from the eternal, sovereign decree of God. The nakedness and dereliction of the cross are shown to illuminate both the nature of hell and the ground of the believer's justification, as Christ is stripped of his garments that sinners might be clothed with his righteousness. The sermon closes with a direct call to faith, pressing John 20:31 upon every hearer: these things are written that you may believe and have life in Christ's name.
The Pure in Heart
What does it mean to be pure in heart, and how can sinners whose hearts are described in Scripture as deceitful and desperately wicked ever attain it? Expounding the sixth Beatitude in Matthew 5:8, this sermon works through four observations: the description of heart purity as single-minded devotion and internal righteousness (in contrast to the Pharisees' meticulous external compliance); the source of that purity in the sovereign, monergistic grace of the triune God — the Father's electing work, the Son's atoning blood and imputed righteousness, and the Spirit's indwelling power; the cultivation of purity through meditation on the gospel, prayer, and Scripture as God's binding command; and the promise that the pure in heart shall see God, a beatific vision already begun in creation, providence, and redemption, and consummated in the new creation of Revelation 21–22. Hearers are called to rest not in civility or external compliance but to flee to Christ, whose blood alone cleanses the heart, and to pursue purity by dwelling deeply in the gospel.
Christ Our Propitiation
Romans 3:25–26 stands at what Martin Luther called 'the chief point of the whole Bible,' and this sermon expounds why: the cross is not only a display of divine love but a vindication of divine righteousness. Two theological words — redemption and propitiation — carry the weight of the exposition: redemption addresses humanity's bondage; propitiation addresses humanity's liability to the wrath of God, which Christ exhausted in himself on behalf of his people. The sermon argues that God's justice and God's justifying mercy are not in tension but cohere perfectly at Calvary, and calls every hearer to rest that case not on moral performance but on faith alone in Christ alone.
Blessed are the Merciful
Matthew 5:7 — 'Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy' — is expounded as an indicative declaration about the character of kingdom citizens, not an imperative condition for earning divine favor. Mercy is defined as pity joined to active relief: grace addresses men in their sin, mercy addresses men in the misery that results from sin. The sermon traces mercy through its description, its illustration in the character of God and the ministry of Christ, its supernatural source in regenerating grace, its attractiveness in family, church, and world, and its eschatological promise. Those who have genuinely received Christ's mercy will manifest mercy toward others; the persistent absence of mercy is evidence that one has never truly known the grace of God.
The Pursuit of Righteousness
Matthew 5:6 pronounces blessing upon those who hunger and thirst for righteousness — a disposition that no fallen person possesses by nature but that the Holy Spirit produces in every regenerate soul. The sermon works through six observations on the text: the metaphor of hunger and thirst, the nature of the righteousness in view (right conduct and godliness flowing from justification, not justification itself), the means by which the spiritually hungry pursue it, the hindrances to avoid, the meek disposition that accompanies the pursuit, and the eschatological filling God promises. Because justification always precedes sanctification, all pursuit of righteousness rests on Christ's finished obedience imputed to the believer — and those who have never hungered for righteousness are called to believe the gospel and receive the righteousness of another.
The Meek Shall Inherit the Earth
Meekness, as Jesus pronounces it in Matthew 5:5, is not weakness or passivity but power under control — strength governed by the Holy Spirit and expressed in humble, others-centered living. Drawing on the Beatitudes' presupposition of saving grace, the sermon defines meekness through Scripture, Puritan writers, and biblical exemplars including Moses, Christ, Timothy, Epaphroditus, and the apostle Paul. Philippians 2:1–11 serves as the extended doctrinal and practical illustration, showing that esteeming others as better than oneself flows from the gospel logic of Christ's own self-humiliation. The sermon closes with six concrete marks of meekness and a call to unbelievers to seek justification by faith in Christ, from which true meekness flows.
The Ethics of the Messianic Kingdom
The Sermon on the Mount is not a program for moral self-improvement or a blueprint for social reform, but a messianic manifesto addressed primarily to disciples — those already saved by grace — describing what they are and how they are to live. Five historical approaches to the Sermon on the Mount are surveyed and evaluated, with the 'normative' interpretation established as the proper hermeneutic: Jesus expounds the ethics of the kingdom for those who have first believed on the King. The Beatitudes are treated as indicatives of saving grace, not imperatives for earning it, and the pedagogical function of the law is retained as a secondary purpose — crushing the unconverted and driving them to Christ.
The Works of the Flesh
Galatians 5:19–21 presents Paul's catalog of the works of the flesh as a concrete definition of what it means to fail to walk in the Spirit — the very Spirit given to those justified by faith alone. This exposition works through four categories of fleshly sin: sexual immorality, religious apostasy, disorders in personal relationships, and intemperance, drawing on the Westminster Larger Catechism to illuminate each category's depth and breadth. The critical distinction the sermon presses is between remaining corruption (the struggle every believer knows) and reigning corruption (the habitual, unrepentant practice that marks the unconverted). The sermon closes by directing hearers to the active obedience and atoning death of Christ as the only ground of hope in the face of this condemning list.
The God Who Justifies the Ungodly
Romans 4:5 declares that God justifies the ungodly — a statement that stands in apparent tension with Proverbs 17:15, which calls the one who justifies the wicked an abomination. This communion meditation resolves that tension by tracing the doctrine of imputation through three movements: Adam's sin imputed to his posterity, the sin of God's elect imputed to Christ, and Christ's righteousness imputed to believers. Far from promoting moral laxity, this forensic reality — that sinners are declared righteous on the sole ground of another's obedience and atoning death — is shown to be the very foundation of genuine sanctification and the most powerful incentive to holy living.
The God of Hope
Romans 15:13 announces that God Himself is 'the God of hope' — not a despairing, hand-wringing deity, but the sovereign Lord who makes and fulfils every promise. This sermon expounds three movements in Paul's benediction: the character of the God who hopes, the means by which hope is received (trust in Christ, grounded in the resurrection), and the overflow of joy and peace that results from the Spirit's filling. The closing application calls believers to see themselves as custodians of a message of hope in a world that is, as the preacher puts it, 'on empty.'
The Resurrection in the Book of Acts
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is not an isolated miracle but the climactic fulfillment of God's covenantal promises to David and Abraham, the ground of every redemptive blessing the church now enjoys. Working through the Book of Acts, this sermon traces five blessings that flow from the risen and ascended Christ: the revealed Word, the sovereignty of his reign, his active direction of the church, the outpouring of the Spirit, and the remission of sins through his blood. Because Christ sits enthroned at the Father's right hand with all authority in heaven and earth, nothing in the church's history is haphazard — every trial, every addition, every missionary advance is governed by the living Lord. The sermon closes with a direct summons to the unforgiven: the empty tomb is the loudest declaration that sin's power is broken and pardon is available to all who believe.
Suffering and Our Substitute
Christians are called not merely to accept suffering as inevitable but to embrace it joyfully, after the pattern of Christ, who endured reviling and unjust punishment without retaliation. This sermon works through 1 Peter 2:21–24 under three headings — the calling to suffer, Christ as exemplar, and his penal substitution — drawing heavily on Isaiah 53 and Old Testament typology to establish that substitutionary atonement is the doctrinal foundation of Christian endurance. The doctrine of penal substitution — that God the Son bore in his own body the punishment due to guilty sinners — is defended as the irreducible center of the gospel, without which there is no comfort for the guilty and no hope for the dying. Hearers are called to make Christ's substitutionary work chief in their affections and to follow his non-retaliatory example in the face of suffering and provocation.
Gospel Liberty and the Law of Love
Gospel liberty, rightly understood, is not freedom from responsibility but freedom for the service of God and neighbour. Expounding Galatians 5:13–15, this sermon argues that Paul is no antinomian: believers called to liberty are simultaneously called to fulfil the moral law through love, and the gospel of free justification is the very source of genuine sanctification, not its enemy. Four theological implications of Paul's appeal to Leviticus 19:18 are drawn out — Paul's rejection of antinomianism, the threefold distinction in the law, the continuity of the moral law from creation through Sinai into the new covenant, and the complementary rather than antithetical relationship of Spirit and law — before the sermon closes with a sober warning that biting and devouring within the church betrays a failure of gospel-wrought love. The congregation is exhorted to pursue loving service of one another as the God-appointed antidote to both legalism and licentiousness.
The Davidic Messiah and Suffering Servant
The baptism of Jesus in Matthew 3:13–17 is not primarily a lesson in baptismal mode or mere moral example, but a divine revelation of who Christ is: the Davidic Messiah and Isaiah's suffering servant. Jesus' declaration that he must 'fulfill all righteousness' points to his active obedience — his lifelong, law-keeping representation of his people — which, together with his atoning death, provides both the pardon and the imputed righteousness sinners desperately need. The trinitarian structure of the scene (the Son emerging from the water, the Spirit descending as a dove, the Father's voice of approbation) reveals all three persons of the Godhead united in the work of redemption. The passage calls every hearer to receive this beloved Son — the champion who has accomplished what no sinner ever could — by grace alone through faith alone.
Justification
Romans 3:24 stands as the doctrinal heartbeat of the gospel: guilty sinners are declared righteous before a holy God freely, as a gift, on the sole ground of the redemption accomplished by Christ Jesus. The sermon expounds each word of that verse — 'justified,' 'freely,' 'by his grace,' and 'through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus' — to show that justification is a forensic declaration of changed status, not a moral transformation, and that it rests entirely on Christ's atoning blood and imputed righteousness, received through faith alone. A running contrast is drawn between earthly judges who rightly condemn the guilty and the divine Judge who justifies the ungodly without compromising his justice, because the penalty was fully borne by the Son. The sermon closes by tracing the necessary fruit of justification — humility, assurance, and a transformed life bearing the likeness of Christ — while guarding the distinction between justification and sanctification.