Theological term
Appropriations
15 sermons · All terms
Ask FGBC #42: What Words Aren't In The Bible But Help Protect Its Teachings?
Scripture and theology regularly employ concepts that require precise extra-biblical vocabulary to guard against error and heresy. This Q&A session works through a range of theological terms — Trinity, consubstantiality, partitive exegesis, inseparable operations, and more — explaining why the church has historically coined and defended such language rather than restricting itself to bare biblical words. The discussion traces how heretics from the Arians to the Anomeans exploited the refusal to use extra-biblical terms, and why the apostolic mandate to 'earnestly contend for the faith' requires the full use of theological grammar inherited from the church's confessional tradition.
Ask FGBC - Dec 2024 Podcast with Pastors Butler and Porter, Batch 4
A panel of two pastors works through a batch of listener-submitted questions spanning baptism and the Lord's Supper, the eternity of hell, church membership, faith and fear, the unpardonable sin, images of Christ, dry preaching, and extra-biblical theological vocabulary. Across each topic the answers are grounded in Scripture and the 1689 London Baptist Confession, with particular attention to second-commandment concerns, the nature of saving faith, and the perseverance of the saints. Listeners are urged to anchor their assurance not in the strength of their own grip on Christ but in the immutable decree of election and the intercession of the Triune God.
CTF 2025 - Key Theological Concepts
This conference preview discussion addresses three interconnected concepts in classical Trinitarian theology: inseparable operations, appropriations, and missions. The speaker argues that a basic grasp of six to ten theological concepts drawn from creedal and confessional tradition — concepts the church developed through careful exegesis, not speculative innovation — is sufficient to give a reasoned defense of Trinitarian doctrine against modern deniers, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Arians. The practical exhortation is that every believer, not only the academically trained, owes a coherent account of the Trinity to anyone who asks.
The Gifts Given by Christ
John 14:25–27 presents two gifts Christ gives his disciples on the eve of his departure: the Holy Spirit and his peace. The sermon expounds the procession of the Spirit from the Father and the Son, the Spirit's specific work of teaching and bringing Scripture to remembrance in the apostles, and the distinction between Christ's objective, lasting peace and the transient peace the world offers. The practical weight falls on the call to displace carnal fear — which the sermon argues signals bad theology, lack of kingdom priority, and ultimately endangers the soul — with the peace that flows from knowing the triune God.
The Blessing of Communion with God, Part 2
What does Jesus mean when he promises that the Father and the Son will come and make their home with the one who loves him and keeps his word (John 14:23)? This sermon works through seven observations on that promise, showing that the indwelling of Christ necessarily entails the indwelling of the entire triune God — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — because the divine persons are inseparable in their operations. The sermon traces the biblical pattern of God dwelling with his people from Eden through the tabernacle and temple to the new covenant, and concludes that union with Christ is union with the triune God, which is both the chief blessing of salvation and the ground of the believer's worship.
May 18 Sanders Holy Spirit and the Father
How does the Holy Spirit relate to God the Father, and what does that relationship mean for Christian worship and prayer? Working through a chapter on the Holy Spirit and the Father, this study traces the biblical pattern of 'from the Father, through the Son, in the Spirit' — and its liturgical reverse, 'in the Spirit, through the Son, to the Father' — as the framework for understanding both Trinitarian processions and the nature of true worship. The discussion addresses the Spirit's work in the old and new covenants, the cessation of the revelatory gifts at the completion of the New Testament canon, and the Spirit's role in empowering prayer, drawing particularly on John Owen's treatment of Ephesians 2:18 and Romans 8:26-27.
The Nature of the Holy Spirit, Part 2
Jesus' promise in John 14:17–18 — that the Spirit of truth cannot be received by the world, yet dwells with and will be in his disciples — grounds the church's dependence on sovereign grace for all gospel ministry. The sermon works through the doctrine of inseparable operations and appropriations to protect both the unity of the Godhead and the distinction of persons, before applying the Spirit's indwelling to the perseverance of the saints and the sufficiency of the gospel. The closing exhortation presses both believers and unbelievers: the Spirit abides forever, justification is by faith alone, and the righteousness of Christ is imputed — not merely forgiveness extended — to all who come to him.
2LCF Chapter 3 - Of God's Decree
God's eternal decree—that He has foreordained whatsoever comes to pass, freely and unchangeably, from the counsel of His own most wise and holy will—is the subject of 2LCF Chapter 3. This study works through all seven paragraphs of the confession, grounding the doctrine first in divine sovereignty (God is most absolute, most free, and all-sufficient), then examining the decree's scope over all things, its special application to the predestination of the elect through Jesus Christ, and the reprobation of the wicked to the praise of His glorious justice. The decree is shown to be identical with the divine essence itself—eternal and unchangeable—and the means ordained by God (the redemptive work of Christ, the preaching of the Word, and the effectual work of the Spirit) are likewise foreordained. The proper posture before this doctrine is not boasting but humility, reverence, and abundant consolation in the God who saves sinners by His sovereign grace alone.
Livestream - The Basis for Love and Unity
Ephesians 4:4–6 presents seven 'ones' — one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, and one God and Father — as the objective, Spirit-wrought basis for the love and unity to which Paul exhorts believers in verses 1–3. The sermon argues that these seven unities are not aspirational ideals but present realities constituted by the Holy Spirit in the production of the church, and that believers are therefore called to steward, not generate, the unity already given. The practical weight falls on bearing with one another in love, contending for the faith once delivered to the saints, and recognising that the Triune God — not social trinitarianism — is the foundation of all communion and the basis for genuine ecumenism among confessional Christians.
The Apostle's Prayer for the Ephesians, Part 2
Ephesians 1:19–23 presents the climax of Paul's apostolic prayer: that believers would know the exceeding greatness of God's power. This sermon expounds three demonstrations of that power in Christ — his resurrection from the dead, his current session at the right hand of the Father, and his dominion over all things for the sake of the church. The doctrines of inseparable operations and appropriations ground the Trinitarian account of these events, while the universal and eternal sovereignty of the enthroned Christ is set forth as the foundation for perseverance, praise, and fearlessness in the face of hostile spiritual and civil powers.
The Ministry of the Holy Spirit, Part 2
Ephesians 1:13–14 presents the Holy Spirit as both the seal and the guarantee of the believer's inheritance, grounding the security of salvation not in human performance but in the inseparable operations of the triune God. The sermon traces the instrumentality of the word of truth — showing that sinners must hear the gospel before they can believe — and then expounds the sealing of the Spirit as authentication, ownership, and security. The guarantee of the Spirit is the first installment of a heavenly inheritance that awaits the full redemption of the purchased possession at the consummation of the age. Believers are therefore urged to rest their assurance in the Father who chose, the Son who redeemed, and the Spirit who seals and guarantees.
The Ministry of the Holy Spirit
What is the Holy Spirit's relationship to the Father and the Son, and why does it matter that Christians understand this precisely? Working through Ephesians 1:13–14 as the destination, this sermon first establishes the full personal divinity of the Holy Spirit by tracing his presence and activity across both Testaments — from creation in Genesis 1 through the baptism of Christ, Pentecost, and the apostolic letters — demonstrating that the Spirit is not a force or a lesser deity but the third person of the one undivided triune God. The sermon draws on the 1689 London Baptist Confession chapter 2 paragraph 3, the Nicene Creed, and a wide range of triadic New Testament texts to guard against the heresies of Sabellianism and Arianism. The congregation is called to pursue the knowledge of this triune God as the irreplaceable foundation of assurance, evangelism, and Christian perseverance.
2LCF Chapter 2 - Of God and of the Holy Trinity, Part 3
The Holy Spirit as the third subsistence of the one divine essence is the subject of this study in Chapter 2, Paragraph 3 of the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith. The session traces the Spirit's presence and deity through both Testaments, works through the meaning of eternal procession from the Father and the Son (the filioque), and engages the historical debates at the councils of Nicaea, Constantinople, and Toledo that shaped confessional Trinitarian language. The practical conclusion drawn from the Confession is that the doctrine of the Trinity is not abstract speculation but the foundation of all communion with God and the believer's comfortable dependence upon Him.
The Meeting with Nicodemus, Part 2
John 3:4–10 confronts every hearer with the absolute necessity of regeneration before any entrance into the kingdom of God. Working through Nicodemus's proud misunderstanding and Christ's patient explanation, this exposition argues that the new birth is entirely God's sovereign work — initiated by the Holy Spirit, prefigured in Ezekiel 36 and Deuteronomy 30, and entirely prior to saving faith. The sermon also draws out the Trinitarian theology embedded in Christ's wind analogy, showing that the Spirit's sovereign, effectual work in regeneration reveals who God is, not merely what He does.
The Mission of the Word, Part 2
John 1:10–13 presents two contrasting responses to the mission of the incarnate Word: the rejection of the world and of Israel, and the reception of those upon whom Christ confers the right to become children of God. The sermon works through the threefold use of 'world' in verse 10, the parallel between Israel's ancient rebellion and their rejection of the Messiah, and the sovereign grace underlying faith and new birth in verses 12–13. Central to the exposition is the Reformed insistence that regeneration precedes faith — those who receive Christ by believing do so because they have first been born of God — against both Pelagian and Arminian construals of conversion.