Cited in sermons
J. Gresham Machen
191 sermons · All people cited
The Rich Young Ruler
What must a man do to inherit eternal life? This exposition of Matthew 19:16–22 examines the encounter between Christ and the rich young ruler, showing that the young man's question is at once legitimate — every soul must reckon with eternity — and illegitimate, because it proceeds from the assumption that salvation is earned by human merit. Christ answers him on the terms of the covenant of works, pressing the second table of the Decalogue and then the tenth commandment in particular, not to prescribe a new way of salvation by poverty, but to expose the man's covetousness and unmask the bankruptcy of his self-righteousness. The sermon calls hearers to abandon proud self-righteousness, reckon honestly with the spirituality of God's law, and flee by faith to the one who alone kept it perfectly.
The Instruction on Divorce, Part 2
Sexual immorality and willful desertion are the two lawful grounds for divorce recognized in Scripture, and this exposition of 1 Corinthians 7:10–16 establishes both the prohibition against divorce and the Pauline exception. Paul's instruction divides into two sections: the command to believing spouses not to separate, and the rule governing mixed marriages in which one partner is converted after the wedding. The sermon argues that when an unbeliever departs and dissolves the marriage, the believing spouse is released from bondage and may remarry, grounding that conclusion in the absence of a prohibition in verse 15, the consistent biblical assumption that lawful divorce permits remarriage, and the analogy with Matthew 19:9. Throughout, the original intent of marriage as a lifelong, one-flesh covenant is upheld as the governing norm, with the exceptions confirming rather than undermining that norm.
The Role of the Law in Justification
Romans 3:20 stands at the hinge of Paul's argument in Romans 1–3: the universal condemnation of Jew and Gentile is summarized and confirmed, and the ground is cleared for the proclamation of a righteousness that comes apart from the law. This sermon examines both the unlawful use of the law — seeking justification before God through law-keeping, which Paul categorically condemns — and the lawful pedagogical use, by which the law defines sin, demonstrates the gravity of human guilt, and drives the sinner to Christ. The central burden is that no amount of moral effort can secure acceptance with God, because the problem lies not in the law but in the sinner; the law's only saving function is to press men toward the law-keeper, Christ, whose obedience and sacrifice are the sole ground of justification.
2LCF Chapter 11 - Of Justification, Part 3
Justification is the article upon which the church stands or falls, and this exposition of 2LCF Chapter 11 works through the nature, basis, and instrument of justification as the confession presents them. The sermon distinguishes justification sharply from sanctification against the Roman Catholic doctrine of infused righteousness, the neo-Nomian teaching of Richard Baxter, and the New Perspective on Paul, arguing that the elect are accepted by God solely on the basis of Christ's imputed active and passive obedience received through faith alone. The active obedience of Christ — his 33 years of perfect law-keeping — is shown to be as necessary as his death, because forgiveness alone would leave the believer back in a probationary state without a positive righteousness that avails before God. Faith is the alone instrument of justification, not its condition or cause, and is itself a gift of God, so that every ground of human boasting is excluded.
The Incentives for Perseverance, Part 2
Paul's 'faithful saying' in 2 Timothy 2:11–13 supplies three conditional clauses that together form both an encouragement and a warning for the persevering Christian. The sermon exposits the believer's union with Christ in conversion (dying and rising with Him), the present communion that sustains endurance, and the solemn warning that denial of Christ evidences a faithlessness that Christ Himself will not overlook. The means of grace — Scripture, prayer, and corporate worship including the Lord's Supper — are set out as the God-appointed instruments by which believers are kept running the race.
The Healing of a Demon Possessed Boy
Matthew 17:14–23 sets a desperate father's plea for his demon-possessed son against the disciples' failure to cast out the demon, and Christ's authoritative word that immediately effects the cure. The sermon works through four movements: the request for mercy, the Lord's rebuke of faithless Israel and the demon, instruction on the nature and exercise of faith, and the second formal passion announcement of Matthew's Gospel. Throughout, the contrast between Christ's kingdom of mercy and the devil's kingdom of self-destruction frames both the evangelistic and pastoral applications: sinners are called to come to the sovereign Christ who alone delivers, and parents are urged never to despair of the conversion of any soul, pressing the atoning work of the cross upon their children.
The Shedding of Innocent Blood
The sixth commandment's prohibition of murder, grounded in the doctrine of man as image-bearer of God, applies with full force to abortion. This sermon works through Exodus 21:22–25 to demonstrate that the Mosaic civil law affords explicit legal protection to both mother and pre-born child, and that the correct translation of the passage — 'she gives birth prematurely' rather than 'she miscarries' — is exegetically decisive for the abortion debate. The sanctity of human life is established across the full range of human existence: before the fall, after it, in children, the pre-born, the handicapped, the sick, and the elderly — and is ultimately grounded in the Incarnation, by which Christ assumed and thereby dignified human flesh. The sermon closes by calling the church to informed prayer, chaste living, and flight to the cross, where there is full forgiveness even for those implicated in abortion.
1 Samuel 4
Israel's defeat at the hands of the Philistines and the capture of the Ark of the Covenant in 1 Samuel 4 expose a fundamental corruption in Israel's religion: the attempt to manipulate God through sacred objects rather than seek him through repentance and faith. The elders ask the right theological question — why has the Lord defeated us? — but then reach for the Ark as a kind of holy talisman, treating Yahweh as a means to military victory rather than as the sovereign end of all worship. The sermon presses the contemporary application that the same impulse toward religious technique and formulaic spirituality pervades much of professing Christianity today, and calls hearers to seek God for who he is rather than for what he gives.
The Riches of Christ
2 Corinthians 8:9 declares that Christ, though eternally rich as God the Son, became poor in the incarnation so that sinners might become rich through his poverty. This communion meditation works through the pre-existent glory of Christ, the hypostatic union, and the redemptive riches secured by his humiliation — justification, imputation of righteousness, adoption, sanctification, and glorification. The application presses the church to give liberally to those in need, because those who have received the infinite riches of Christ cannot rightly remain tight-fisted toward brothers and sisters who suffer lack.
2LCF Chapter 7 - Of God's Covenant, Part 3
Covenant theology is not abstract speculation but the architectural blueprint of all Scripture, and a faulty grasp of it distorts both law and gospel. This session works through 1689 London Baptist Confession chapter 7, paragraph 3, tracing the covenant of grace from its first announcement in Genesis 3:15 through the Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, and Davidic covenants as progressive, concentric revelations of the same redemptive promise, culminating in the new covenant ratified by Christ's blood. The eternal covenant of redemption between the Father and the Son grounds the covenant of grace, so that for sinners, grace is free and unconditional, while for Christ, it was a covenant of works demanding exact, entire, and personal obedience. The session closes with the axiom that 'the covenant of grace is the covenant of works kept for us,' and applies this structure to the necessity of sola fide against Federal Vision, Baxterian, and Roman Catholic distortions.
The Objection to the Divine Plan
Peter's rebuke of Christ in Matthew 16:22 is not merely a disciple's well-intentioned blunder — it is an alignment with the adversarial agenda that Jesus had already confronted in the wilderness temptation of Matthew 4. This sermon expounds the divine necessity of Christ's suffering and death as grounded in the eternal Covenant of Redemption, and presses the point that to object to a suffering Messiah is to object to the only ground of sinners' salvation. The response to Peter — 'Get behind me, Satan' — exposes the disease-at-the-heart nature of any theology that removes the cross from Christianity's center, and the sermon closes by pressing listeners either to embrace the crucified Christ or to reckon with the inescapable judgment of that same Christ.
The Place of Good Works
Ephesians 2:10 establishes that good works occupy a precise and necessary place in the Christian life — not as a condition of salvation, but as its inevitable consequence. This sermon traces the Reformed doctrine of justification by faith alone through Paul's letters to the Romans and the Galatians, exposing the Roman Catholic error of collapsing justification and sanctification into a faith-plus-works scheme and demonstrating why any such admixture invalidates grace entirely. Drawing on the Westminster Shorter Catechism, the 1689 Confession, and writers from Machen to Gill, the sermon argues that the predestinating grace of God not only secures the salvation of the elect but also sets them on a course of holy living. Believers are exhorted to neither hide behind sola fide as a license for indolence nor to mistake moral performance for the ground of their acceptance before God.
The Nature of the Gospel
Galatians 1:1–5 is not merely a greeting but a compressed summary of gospel truth that Paul will defend throughout the entire epistle against the Judaizing error of faith plus works. Working through five observations drawn from verse 4, this exposition establishes that Christ's death was voluntary, substitutionary, liberating, decreed by the Father, and designed to terminate in the glory of God alone. The sermon argues that sovereign grace — not human decision, will, or merit — is the only ground of salvation, and that right understanding of this gospel inevitably produces doxology rather than self-congratulation.
The True Son of God
Matthew 14:21–33 culminates not in the stilling of the storm but in the disciples' confession, 'Truly, You are the Son of God' — a declaration that is the goal of Matthew's entire Gospel narrative. The passage demonstrates that Jesus acts with the prerogatives of Yahweh alone: walking on the sea, commanding the wind, and rescuing His people in ways the Old Testament attributes exclusively to God. Running alongside this high Christology are clear lessons on discipleship: Christ prays in solitude, His people are not exempt from trial, and little faith — however weak — is not the same as no faith, for it is the Savior who saves, not the strength of the believer's grip. Hearers are called to be of good cheer and to cast fear aside because the 'I Am' of Exodus and Isaiah is present with them in every storm.
The Rejection at Nazareth
Matthew 13:54–58 records the rejection of Jesus Christ in his hometown of Nazareth, where familiarity with his person produced not neutrality but active offense and opposition. The sermon traces the movement from initial astonishment at Christ's wisdom and mighty works to suspicion, critical questioning, and full-scale rejection — demonstrating that curiosity about Christ, apart from saving faith, inevitably hardens into hostility. The passage is read through the lens of Isaiah 53:3, with Christ's dishonor in Nazareth understood as a fulfillment of the suffering servant's rejection. Hearers are pressed to reckon with whether they are with Christ or against him, warned that unbelief hardens with each exposure to the gospel, and called to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ while it is still the day of grace.
The Parable of the Sower Stated
Matthew 13:1–17 presents the parable of the sower and Christ's explanation of why he teaches in parables. The sermon works through two sections: the parable itself (vv. 1–9), exposing four types of hearers — hardened, shallow, crowded, and fruitful — and the purpose of parabolic teaching (vv. 10–17), which is both to reveal kingdom mysteries to the converted and to conceal them from the unconverted by divine design. The two-fold purpose of parables is grounded in sovereign election, drawing on Isaiah 6:9–10 and the language of Matthew 11:25–27, pressing hearers to examine whether they are genuinely receptive soil and to submit to the Godhood of God rather than resist his sovereign purposes in grace.
The Murder of the Preborn, Part 1
Exodus 21:22–25 provides the case-law context for examining what Scripture teaches about the sanctity of human life, the personhood of the preborn, and the biblical prohibition against abortion. The sermon grounds the argument against abortion in the imago Dei — man is not merely made in God's image but is the image of God, a dignity that extends from conception through old age and that no civil court or medical consensus can override. The preborn child is demonstrated to be a full human person through the consistent testimony of Genesis, the Psalms, the Prophets, and the New Testament, while the Lex Talionis of Exodus 21 establishes that taking the life of a child in the womb carries the full capital sanction reserved for murder. Hearers are called to understand, articulate, and act upon this biblical truth — in their prayer closets, at the ballot box, and in their own personal holiness.
The Word Became Flesh
John 1:14 presents one of the most concentrated statements of Christology in all of Scripture: the eternal Word, who was God and was with God in the beginning, became flesh and tabernacled among men. This sermon expounds the incarnation under two heads — the fact of the Word becoming flesh, and the glory beheld in that incarnate Word — with sustained attention to the doctrine of eternal generation, the Shekinah-tabernacle background of John's prologue, and the covenantal purpose of the incarnation in redemption. The hearer is called to rest in the Christ who perfectly fulfilled the law, bore the wrath due to sinners in their stead, and rose for their justification, and to hold fast to a sound Christology as the very ground of salvation.
The Qualification for Elders
What does Scripture require of a man before he can lawfully serve as an elder in Christ's church? Working through 1 Timothy 3:1–7, this exposition first establishes five elements of a genuine call to the ministry — desire born of right motives, graces indicating genuine Christian experience, gifts indicating divine provision, providential opportunity, and recognition by the local church — before moving through the text's qualifications under five headings: personal holiness, domestic faithfulness, experience in the faith, testimony toward outsiders, and the one indispensable gift of being able to teach. Throughout, the point is pressed that these virtues are not merely a checklist for candidates but the standard of godliness every Christian man and woman ought to be pursuing.
The Servant Song of Matthew
Matthew 12:15–21 records Jesus withdrawing from the murderous rage of the Pharisees while multitudes — including Gentiles — follow Him for healing, and Matthew interprets this through the first Servant Song of Isaiah 42:1–7. The sermon works through six characteristics of the Servant of Yahweh as Matthew presents them: His excellence as the Father's chosen and beloved, His empowerment by the Holy Spirit, His message of justice to the Gentiles, His character and commitment as one who does not quarrel or cry out, His mercy toward bruised reeds and smoking flax, and His worldwide mission culminating in the Great Commission. Throughout, the preacher presses the comfort that weak faith — however small — is true faith, and that Christ as the great Savior of great sinners is the hermeneutical center of all Scripture.
Joshua 11
Joshua 11 records the northern campaign of the Israelite conquest, in which a massive coalition of Canaanite kings assembles against Israel with numerical and technological superiority, only to be routed by the hand of God. The chapter closes with a sweeping summary of the entire conquest, highlighting three interlocking themes: divine sovereignty in hardening the hearts of Israel's enemies, the faithful obedience of Joshua who left nothing undone of all God commanded, and the long, gradual character of the conquest that models durable fidelity for the people of God across generations. The sermon draws a direct line from Joshua's seven years of warfare to the church's calling to patient, faithful labor in the Great Commission, resisting any expectation of immediate success.
The Gracious Declaration of the Gospel
Matthew 11:27–28 sets forth the mediatorial office of Christ and the gracious declaration of the gospel as the second and third grounds upon which sinners come to know God. Christ possesses all authority delivered by the Father, holds exclusive knowledge of the Father, and sovereignly wills to reveal Him — condemning universalism, pluralism, and every works-based religion. The free invitation 'Come to me' presupposes sovereign election and effectual grace, addresses those burdened by sin and Pharisaic religion alike, and promises rest that is grounded in Christ's mediation alone, not in human virtue or effort.
Joshua 10
Joshua 10 records Israel's decisive victory over the Amorite coalition at Gibeon and the subsequent southern campaign — a narrative that presses one central truth: when the Lord fights for his people, their enemies are crushed. The chapter is examined in three sections: the coalition formed against Gibeon (vv. 1–5), the Gibeonite appeal to Israel's covenant obligation (v. 6), and the sweeping Israelite victory (vv. 7–43). Throughout, God is identified as the primary agent of all four verbs of battle in verse 10 — the one who routes, kills, chases, and strikes — leaving Israel's weapons as instruments of a divine warrior. The sacramental significance of Joshua's commanders placing their feet on the necks of the conquered kings is drawn out as an acted parable of God's promise to subdue all enemies, a visible encouragement for weak faith analogous to the Lord's Supper and baptism.
The Necessity for Biblical Preaching
God has appointed the preaching of the Word as His ordinary instrument for calling sinners to faith and nourishing the saints — a reality the apostles grounded in the nature of the gospel itself and the logic of Romans 10. This sermon works through three passages (Romans 10:14–17, 1 Corinthians 1:18–23, and 2 Timothy 4:1–8) to establish that preaching pleases God, confounds the natural man, and remains the irreplaceable mandate of the church regardless of cultural pressure. Drawing on confessional witnesses from the Didache and Westminster Larger Catechism to the Second Helvetic Confession, the sermon calls both preachers and hearers to recover a holy expectation of what God does through the faithful exposition of Scripture.
A Ruler's Daughter and an Afflicted Woman
Matthew 9:18–26 presents two intertwined miracles — the raising of Jairus's daughter and the healing of a chronically afflicted woman — as Matthew's climactic demonstration of Christ's authority over death and disease. The passage exposes the nature of saving faith: not its strength or emotional intensity, but its object, the Lord Jesus Christ, who is both willing and omnipotent to save. Whether the petitioner is a prominent synagogue ruler or a marginalized, impoverished woman, Christ receives all who come to him in faith, regardless of social station. The sermon closes with a call to venture on Christ in faith, and a pastoral plea for parents to pray that their children would be brought to saving knowledge of him in their youth.
The Goodness of God's Law
Paul's claim in 1 Timothy 1:8 that 'the law is good if one uses it lawfully' confronts two recurring errors in the church: legalism, which perverts the law into a ladder of merit before God, and antinomianism, which banishes the law from the Christian life altogether. This sermon works through verses 8–11 to establish three things: the apostolic affirmation that the law is intrinsically good, the necessary qualification that it must be used lawfully, and Paul's explanation of its civil use — the restraint of outward wickedness — illustrated by a rehearsal of the Decalogue's second table. The threefold use of the law (civil, pedagogical, normative) is set within the framework of covenant theology and justification by faith alone, which together guard the church from both errors, and the sermon closes by pressing the pedagogical use upon the unconverted: look to Sinai, see your guilt, and flee to Christ alone.
Deuteronomy 30
Deuteronomy 30 is not merely a conditional exhortation at the edge of Canaan but a programmatic prophecy of what God would accomplish through exile, return, and ultimately the new covenant in Christ. The chapter's pivotal verse — the circumcision of the heart in verse 6 — is shown to be the fountainhead of the same promise later amplified by Jeremiah and Ezekiel and fulfilled in the regenerating work of the Spirit. The sermon traces five realities embedded in the future blessing (verses 1–14): the certainty of exile, the return to Yahweh, the divine initiative in restoration, the obedient response of the renewed heart, and the empowerment that Paul draws on in Romans 10 to describe the righteousness of faith. The practical summons in verses 15–20 — "choose life" — is then heard not as bare moralism but as a call to embrace the God who is himself the life and length of days of his covenant people.
The Nature of the Gospel
Galatians 1:1–5 is not merely a conventional greeting but a compressed doctrinal statement of the gospel that Paul deploys as the foundation of his polemic against the Judaizers. Working through five truths embedded in verses 4 and 5, the sermon demonstrates that Christ's death was voluntary, substitutionary, and divinely ordained, that it delivers the elect from this present evil age, and that it exists ultimately for the glory of God. The doctrines of penal substitution, divine sovereignty in salvation, and the deity of Christ are examined in detail, with supporting texts drawn from across both Testaments. The doxological response of Revelation 4–5 is held up as the pattern for how a right understanding of the cross necessarily issues in worship.
Capital Punishment, Part 2
Capital punishment is examined through Scripture, addressing both biblical and pragmatic objections to the state's God-ordained authority to execute criminal offenders. Drawing on Genesis 9:6, Romans 13:1–4, and several New Testament texts, the study demonstrates that the sixth commandment prohibits murder — not all killing — and that covenant theology maintains continuity between the Testaments on this point. Matthew 5:38–42 and John 8 are answered in turn, showing that neither the call to personal forbearance nor Christ's compassion toward the adulterous woman overturns the civil magistrate's duty to execute justice. Christians are called to govern their interpersonal relationships by a spirit of longsuffering while trusting God-appointed authorities to bear the sword faithfully.
The Bible and Abortion, Part 2
Scripture consistently treats the unborn as image-bearers of God, and this sermon works through four questions designed to test that conviction: whether abortion is ever lawful, how to handle hard cases such as rape and incest, how to avoid abortion altogether, and what the church is called to do. Drawing on the biblical categories of lawful killing — self-defense, legitimate war, and capital punishment — the sermon demonstrates that abortion satisfies none of these conditions and therefore remains sin without exception. The hard cases do not alter the status of the conceived, and Deuteronomy 22 establishes that in rape the criminal, not the child, bears the penalty. The church's answer is the whole counsel of God: law that restrains sin and gospel that offers genuine hope to those who have already committed it.